Efecto anticonvulsivo y antidepresivo del extracto etanólico de hojas de Annona reticulata en rata

La depresión, la ansiedad y la epilepsia son afecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) que causan sufrimiento y morbilidad entre la población mexicana. Si bien existen fármacos para su terapéutica, en ocasiones éstos resultan ineficaces y promueven efectos adversos que conllevan a la falta de apego por parte del paciente. Especies del género Annona son utilizadas en la medicina tradicional Mexicana por sus propiedades inhibitorias del SNC, de los cuales ya se han reportado sus propiedades como ansiolítico-sedantes y anticonvulsivos, además de sus propiedades como anticancerígenos, antioxidantes y anti-inflamatorios. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en realizar un cernimiento de los posibles efectos inhibidores en el SNC de la especie Annona reticulata (A. reticulata) sobre modelos experimentales en roedores. Método: A. reticulata se utilizó preparada como un extracto etanólico, para evaluar sus efectos como ansiolitico y antidepresivo en la prueba de nado forzado y como anticonvulsivo en la prueba de crisis convulsivas inducidas con pentilentetrazol en ratas, también se probó su efecto como ansiolítico en la prueba de enterramiento de canicas. Imipramina, valproato de sodio y diazepam se utilizaron como fármacos de referencia, respectivamente. Resultados: A. reticulata redujo la conducta depresiva, además aumentó la latencia y disminuyó la severidad de las crisis convulsivas, y disminuyó la respuesta tipo ansiedad de los ratones. Conclusión: este estudio da evidencia preclínica de las propiedades como antidepresivo, ansiolítico y anticonvulsivo de las hojas de A. reticulata, reforzando su potencial en la búsqueda de alternativas para afecciones del SNC.

Pharmacognostical evaluation and anti-convulsant property of Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae) root

Background The present investigation was aimed at establishing the pharmacognostical parameters and preliminary phytochemical screening of Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae) root. Pharmacognostical studies and phytochemical evaluation of A. reticulata root were carried out by following standard procedures to provide information that help to identify the species. The species of Annonaceae family are documented to possess anticonvulsant property, while A. reticulata and its root are reported to be used as a folklore medicine to treat epilepsy. In this study, anti-convulsant activity of the root extract was further investigated in mouse model with seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 60 mg/kg, i.p.). Diazepam (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard anti-convulsant drug. Prior to induction of seizures, ethanol extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.,) and 0.1% sodium CMC were administered. Later, the onset, duration of convulsions along with recovery was recorded. Results A. reticulata can be recognized by its crown shape, leaves with lengthy petioles, fleshy petals and heart-shaped fruits. Roots are cylindrical with rootlets and have aromatic odour. Presence of oil globules and rhomboidal calcium oxalate crystals in cortex, sclerenchyma cells in cortex and secondary phloem, starch grains in cortex, secondary phloem and secondary xylem, and uni- to tri-seriate medullary rays are the key diagnostic characters of root. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, proteins, fixed oil and fats. The total alkaloid content in the root was 0.524% w/w, while total flavonoid and total phenolic content in ethanol extract were 16.65 mg QE/g and 59.54 mg GAE/g, respectively. Based on the values obtained from anti-convulsant activity, it is evident that the ethanol extract offered significant protection against PTZ-induced convulsion in mice. Conclusion The current pharmacognostical study aids not only in identification of crude drug material but also in establishing the standardization parameters. Further, the findings of this study indicated that the ethanolic extract of Annona reticulata Linn root displayed significant anti-convulsant property and this property could be attributed to imperative bioactives like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, in addition to other secondary metabolites.

Screening of antidiabetic and antioxidant potential along with phytochemicals of Annona genus: a review

Background Annona species can be found in the subtropical and tropical parts of the world. Because of their medicinal capabilities and highly exotic edible fruits, they are one of the most important members of the Annonaceae family. Isoquinolines, pyrimidine-β-carboline alkaloids, lectins, acetogenins, and volatile oils are among the active metabolites found in this genus, all of which have been shown to have anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities. Main body The fundamental objective of this review was to summarize the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity based on reported secondary data from different plants of the genus Annona. These species include Annona cherimola, Annona squamosa, Annona macroprophyllata, Annona muricate, Annona reticulata, Annona carcans, Annona coriacea, Annona cornifolia, and Annona senegalensis. The Annona species investigated had significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties. Conclusion The available evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, confirms the ability of Annona species to treat diabetes in addition to producing oxidative damage.

Annona reticulata (bullock's heart).

A datasheet on Annona reticulata covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.