Avoiding Covid-19 Using a 3D Digital Mock Up and Augmented Reality with Cobot in Digital Factory

The Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 is extremely relevant and important in manufacturing for several reasons. Failing to adopt the technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution can cause organizations to fall behind, as their operations are not digitized enough in benchmarking competitors. A major industry as bicycle manufacturing needs to be transformed into a digital factory in order to keep up with the evolving technology. The objectives of this research are in designing a 3D digital mock up and Augmented Reality (AR) for bicycle frame production in the form of digital factory for increasing production capability by decreasing the break-even point whilst avoiding Covid-19 contraction using Tecnomatix Plant Simulation and Unity 3D programs. This research constructed three alternative digital factory layouts that are designed by using a 3D simulation program. The risk of Covid-19 contraction points and the three layouts of cost per unit are analyzed. The results show that the break-even point of the first to the third layouts with Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) are 26,580, 26,322 and 25,354 units respectively. The result of the risk about Covid-19 contraction points from the first to the third layout with AGV are 21,272, 2,872 and 0 points respectively. This means the most appropriate layout for bicycle frame production is the third layout due to the best break-even point that can significantly avoid Covid-19 contraction. The benefit of this research is to integrate a 3D digital mock up, AR and Cobot including AGV to assist the resilience of operations with a dynamic industrial environment.

Connecting Building Design with the Digital Factory by Design Languages to Explore Different Solutions

In engineering, design decisions in one domain exhibit multiple consequences in other domains. These consequences result from the often more or less hidden coupling between the different design domains. In order to examine these consequences, models need to be created. In practice, this is challenging due to the exchange of data between different engineering domains, since different software applications are often used and the effort involved with manual model creation. In this paper, we explore the use of graph-based design languages in a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach to link the digital factory with building design. We also show that the use of a common formal representation based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML) supports the interoperability between the two domains. Finally, we demonstrate how the engineering knowledge for the preliminary design of a factory building can be formally described using graph-based design languages and how the production line of the digital factory can then be used as an input to automatically create valid preliminary designs for the factory building.1

STUDY OF THE DIGITIZATION LEVEL OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

Today, advances in ICT are exponential in nature, and many technologies are now being added from which businesses can benefit from their application in their processes. Digitization is a wide area that already finds active application in businesses processes. It helps create new possibilities in terms of improving process performance, responding more quickly to changes, or helping to reduce costs for different production areas. In general, digitization in an enterprise can be understood as having specific financial as well as personnel requirements. There are few levels of digitalization that we can achieve (document digitalization, digital factory, virtual factory, and smart factory). The research goal of the article is a detailed description and comparison of the individual digitization levels and their tools. The article contains two case studies in which the analysis of processes in the form of questionnaires defines the appropriateness of the level of digitization. Also, based on the analysis, it is possible to say each of the levels of digitization has a particular area of application depending on the nature of production. The main findings of the case studies are that irrelevant digitization is costly and personally demanding without achieving more significant results without analysis. Companies' more efficient operation can be achieved even if the company does not use the latest technological advances and what simple changes need to be incorporated.

Networking of Digital Twins in the Digital Factory for Single Part Manufacturing Simulation

Organizing manufacturing in dynamic networks instead of inflexible production lines is one of the key aspects of Industry 4.0. This should serve to realize automation and effectiveness to a higher degree than previously achievable. For this modernization, Cyber-Physical Systems should be utilized, where a Digital Twin mirrors the behavior of its Physical Twin and makes the data during manufacturing externally available via communication interfaces. This Digital Twin should be an instantiation of a Digital Master, which must meet the requirements for communication in dynamically changing value-added networks. The networking capability of objects requires semantic information. This information is associated with rules for decision making within a value-added network. This paper addresses the need for research on how to add networking capabilities during the development of Digital Masters. With these added capabilities, the communication between Digital Masters and Twins in terms of a single part manufacturing simulation should be verifiable in a Digital Factory. For this purpose, the concept of this paper aims to outline guidelines on how to add networking capabilities to the single part, machines and other resources needed during manufacturing.