Effects of Using Air Curtains on Energy Consumption During Cooling Season Under Different Climate Conditions

In zones separated by doors with many entrances and exits, it is crucial in terms of energy consumption to protect the conditioned air in the indoor environment from the effects of outside air. The increase in door dimensions and opening frequency make this effect even more evident. Various methods are used to prevent leakage of outside air into the indoor environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of using air curtains on energy consumption during the cooling season in a factory building. The door width and height in this building, which has a high story height, were also large. These 26 doors must remain open all the time because of the production process. With a transient model developed on Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS) coupled with Contaminant Transport Analysis Software (CONTAM), we showed the effects of using the air curtains in different climate conditions. As a result, we demonstrated that using air curtains will provide great savings, especially in cities with high cooling requirements.

Connecting Building Design with the Digital Factory by Design Languages to Explore Different Solutions

In engineering, design decisions in one domain exhibit multiple consequences in other domains. These consequences result from the often more or less hidden coupling between the different design domains. In order to examine these consequences, models need to be created. In practice, this is challenging due to the exchange of data between different engineering domains, since different software applications are often used and the effort involved with manual model creation. In this paper, we explore the use of graph-based design languages in a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach to link the digital factory with building design. We also show that the use of a common formal representation based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML) supports the interoperability between the two domains. Finally, we demonstrate how the engineering knowledge for the preliminary design of a factory building can be formally described using graph-based design languages and how the production line of the digital factory can then be used as an input to automatically create valid preliminary designs for the factory building.1

The Adaptive Reuse of Warehouse and Factory Buildings into Residential Living Spaces in Wellington, New Zealand

<p>Adaptive reuse does not only mean successfully putting new uses into an old shell. At best the impression is given that a building at the moment of its conversion has finally achieved its true destiny. Constructed during the industrial era, often utilitarian and non-descript in their design, warehouse and factory buildings were constructed to store and manufacture goods. Upon their obsolescence, due to containerisation, the closure of business, and subsequent dereliction through disrepair or disuse, these largely structurally sound buildings were left vacant until a cultural movement began in America, converting them into living and studio spaces. The adaptive reuse of these buildings resulted in a new programme, which was to provide residence and ‘store’ people. Much later, in the 1990s this movement spread to Wellington, New Zealand. This delay raises the issue of what makes a successful conversion of a warehouse or factory building to loft-style living space, and through which architectural approaches, criteria and methods may we examine these buildings? This thesis first examines pioneering examples of loft and warehouse living in SoHo, New York, from the initial subversive beginnings of the movement, when artists illegally occupied these spaces. It looks at the gentrification of neighbourhoods and how the loft eventually emerged as a highly sought after architectural living space, first in SoHo, New York before spreading globally to Wellington, New Zealand. Four Wellington warehouse and factory buildings that were converted into residential living spaces are examined and compared. The aim is to understand the conversion process and necessary strategies required to instil a new architectural programme within an existing warehouse or factory building, recognising the unique conditions in such converted architectural spaces. A reused, converted warehouse or former factory can acquire characteristics unique to that building: a certain patina of age, a residue of industrial history, imbedded qualities of surface, a unique architectural structure, as well as the location of the building itself. The case studies show how these imbedded characteristics, can be preserved when the building is converted, thereby retaining the building’s former history while providing a new function. This thesis then analyses whether any commonalities and differences in warehouse and factory living existed between Wellington and SoHo New York, in terms of the evolution of the cultural movement and architectural design. The thesis shows that successful approaches to conversion of factories or warehouses can both save the buildings from demolition, preserve and highlight their heritage and create an architecturally unique space, with inherent qualities that cannot be recreated in a new building. Thus, only upon conversion, can the building gain a sense that it has achieved its true destiny.</p>

The Adaptive Reuse of Warehouse and Factory Buildings into Residential Living Spaces in Wellington, New Zealand

<p>Adaptive reuse does not only mean successfully putting new uses into an old shell. At best the impression is given that a building at the moment of its conversion has finally achieved its true destiny. Constructed during the industrial era, often utilitarian and non-descript in their design, warehouse and factory buildings were constructed to store and manufacture goods. Upon their obsolescence, due to containerisation, the closure of business, and subsequent dereliction through disrepair or disuse, these largely structurally sound buildings were left vacant until a cultural movement began in America, converting them into living and studio spaces. The adaptive reuse of these buildings resulted in a new programme, which was to provide residence and ‘store’ people. Much later, in the 1990s this movement spread to Wellington, New Zealand. This delay raises the issue of what makes a successful conversion of a warehouse or factory building to loft-style living space, and through which architectural approaches, criteria and methods may we examine these buildings? This thesis first examines pioneering examples of loft and warehouse living in SoHo, New York, from the initial subversive beginnings of the movement, when artists illegally occupied these spaces. It looks at the gentrification of neighbourhoods and how the loft eventually emerged as a highly sought after architectural living space, first in SoHo, New York before spreading globally to Wellington, New Zealand. Four Wellington warehouse and factory buildings that were converted into residential living spaces are examined and compared. The aim is to understand the conversion process and necessary strategies required to instil a new architectural programme within an existing warehouse or factory building, recognising the unique conditions in such converted architectural spaces. A reused, converted warehouse or former factory can acquire characteristics unique to that building: a certain patina of age, a residue of industrial history, imbedded qualities of surface, a unique architectural structure, as well as the location of the building itself. The case studies show how these imbedded characteristics, can be preserved when the building is converted, thereby retaining the building’s former history while providing a new function. This thesis then analyses whether any commonalities and differences in warehouse and factory living existed between Wellington and SoHo New York, in terms of the evolution of the cultural movement and architectural design. The thesis shows that successful approaches to conversion of factories or warehouses can both save the buildings from demolition, preserve and highlight their heritage and create an architecturally unique space, with inherent qualities that cannot be recreated in a new building. Thus, only upon conversion, can the building gain a sense that it has achieved its true destiny.</p>

Risk Management of Time Overrun in Multiple Phases of Construction: Consultant Perspective

This article reports a study on the construction of a food factory building in Indonesia by investigating the root causes of time overruns from the perspective of a consultant. Although many risks have been identified at various stages of the construction project, it is not clear which risk is the main cause of project delays. To better understand the optimization of risk management and risk mitigation, a multi-stage risk management is proposed, which is divided into four phases: pre-design, design, project bidding, and construction. Therefore, the use of bow tie analysis allows for more in-depth inspections to identify risks. From each bow tie diagram, a detailed risk mitigation table can be developed, and it is easier to plan the response to each risk. From this research, the top 5 reasons for the delay of the project were found. The first reason for the delay is X3a2, which has a value of 4.578, which is a change in design idea. The second value of X3c1 is 4.533, which is the technical data of new machines appearing. The third row is X2b4, the value is 4.467, waiting for owner's decision. The fourth place is the variable X1b3 Machine technical data appears after tender, with a value of 4.422, and the fifth place is the difference between local regulations and foreign regulations, with a value of 4.378. Keywords: factory building, risk management, time overrun.

Technical Performance and Economic Feasibility Simulation of 200kWP Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic On grid on Industrial Estate Factory Building with Helioscope Software

Renewable energy resources are currently being developed by Indonesia. The government is also targeting an energy mix of 23% to achieve renewable energy by 2025. One of the renewable energies is Solar Photovoltaic Generation System. On the other hand, an industrial area is an area filled with factories that are large enough so that it has great potential to develop Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic with the advantage of reducing land investment costs without reducing the operational function of the factory. The purpose of this research is to simulate the technical and economic performance of a 200kWP Solar Photovoltaic On grid on the rooftop of a factory building using Helioscope software in an industrial area in West Java. The simulation result shows that the average values for Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), Electrical Energy Production, and Performance Ratio (PR) in one year are 138.2 kWh/m2, 21,977 kWh, and 78.06%. Meanwhile, the total Electrical Energy Production in one year is 263,723.6 kWh. The total investment value of the 200kWP Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic On grid on the factory building is 2,457,850,800 IDR. Based on the economic feasibility study, it can be concluded that the 200kWP Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic On grid on the factory building rooftop is economically feasible as long as the interest rates is less than 12.71% (Internal Rate of Return / IRR).

REVITALIZATION OF THE BUILDING OF THE BREWERY THEM. STEPANA RAZIN IN SAINT PETERSBURG: THE CONCEPT OF CREATION OF A TECHNOPARK

The article describes the revitalization of the factory building of the brewery Stepan Razin in St.Petersburg at st. Stepan Razin, 6G. The authors noted the historical and cultural potential of the complex, indicating its importance as a monument of industrial heritage, hence the need to preserve it. Foreign examples of the transformation of industrial spaces without museification for public or commercial needs are given. The methods of industrial heritage actualization used in Technopark Razin are considered.