groundwater use
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shagun Garg ◽  
Mahdi Motagh ◽  
J. Indu ◽  
Vamshi Karanam

AbstractNational Capital Region (NCR, Delhi) in India is one of the fastest-growing metropolitan cities which is facing a severe water crisis due to increasing water demand. The over-extraction of groundwater, particularly from its unconsolidated alluvial deposits makes the region prone to subsidence. In this study, we investigated the effects of plummeting groundwater levels on land surface elevations in Delhi NCR using Sentinel-1 datasets acquired during the years 2014–2020. Our analysis reveals two distinct subsidence features in the study area with rates exceeding 11 cm/year in Kapashera—an urban village near IGI airport Delhi, and 3 cm/year in Faridabad throughout the study period. The subsidence in these two areas are accelerating and follows the depleting groundwater trend. The third region, Dwarka shows a shift from subsidence to uplift during the years which can be attributed to the strict government policies to regulate groundwater use and incentivizing rainwater harvesting. Further analysis using a classified risk map based on hazard risk and vulnerability approach highlights an approximate area of 100 square kilometers to be subjected to the highest risk level of ground movement, demanding urgent attention. The findings of this study are highly relevant for government agencies to formulate new policies against the over-exploitation of groundwater and to facilitate a sustainable and resilient groundwater management system in Delhi NCR.


2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1037-1059
Author(s):  
Olivier Petit ◽  
Aurélien Dumont ◽  
Stéphanie Leyronas ◽  
Quentin Ballin ◽  
Sami Bouarfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonjin Kim ◽  
Seongjoon Kim ◽  
Jinuk Kim ◽  
Jiwan Lee ◽  
Soyoung Woo ◽  
...  

Abstract This study used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the impacts of groundwater use increase and forest growth on the watershed hydrology of Geum River basin (9,645.5 km2), South Korea. Groundwater use increase and forest growth data from 1976 to 2015 were prepared in 10-year interval and were reflected to SWAT corresponding to each decade. SWAT was calibrated in the aspect of evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and streamflow using the observation data. The model performance for streamflow was evaluated by coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). The calibration achieved the average R2 value of 0.73 ~ 0.82, NSE value of 0.75 ~ 0.81, RMSE value of 0.53 ~ 2.35 mm/day, and PBIAS value of -2.51 ~ + 11.74%, respectively. The model performance for evapotranspiration and soil moisture was evaluated by R2. The calibration result of evapotranspiration and soil moisture achieved average R2 value of 0.45 and 0.44, respectively. The calibrated model evaluated the impact of two factors on watershed hydrology. Decadal increase of groundwater use has decreased groundwater flow and increased groundwater recharge while decadal forest growth has mainly increased evapotranspiration that led to the decrease of other hydrological components. Resultingly, the change of two factors have imposed temporal decrease of total runoff on the watershed while the influence of two factors on annual streamflow loss was bigger in lower flow rate.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayantan Majumdar ◽  
Ryan Smith ◽  
Md Fahim Hasan ◽  
Jordan Wilson ◽  
Emilia Bristow ◽  
...  

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Bradley Franklin ◽  
Kurt Schwabe ◽  
Lucia Levers

During California’s severe drought from 2011 to 2017, a significant shift in irrigated area from annual to perennial crops occurred. Due to the time requirements associated with bringing perennial crops to maturity, more perennial acreage likely increases the opportunity costs of fallowing, a common drought mitigation strategy. Increases in the costs of fallowing may put additional pressure on another common “go-to” drought mitigation strategy—groundwater pumping. Yet, overdrafted groundwater systems worldwide are increasingly becoming the norm. In response to depleting aquifers, as evidenced in California, sustainable groundwater management policies are being implemented. There has been little modeling of the potential effect of increased perennial crop production on groundwater use and the implications for public policy. A dynamic, integrated deterministic model of agricultural production in Kern County, CA, is developed here with both groundwater and perennial area by vintage treated as stock variables. Model scenarios investigate the impacts of surface water reductions and perennial prices on land and groundwater use. The results generally indicate that perennial production may lead to slower aquifer draw-down compared with deterministic models lacking perennial crop dynamics, highlighting the importance of accounting for the dynamic nature of perennial crops in understanding the co-evolution of agricultural and groundwater systems under climate change.


2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Kimihito NAKAMURA ◽  
Haruhiko HORINO ◽  
Takumi MATSUZAWA ◽  
Yumi YOSHIOKA ◽  
Takehide HAMA

Author(s):  
James Knighton ◽  
Evan Fricke ◽  
Jaivime Evaristo ◽  
Hugo Boer ◽  
Martin Wassen
Keyword(s):  

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Khafi Weekes ◽  
Gail Krantzberg

How has groundwater use been historically governed by the binational to municipal government levels across the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin (GLB)? To what extent have they contemplated the physical–environmental requirements to maintain aquifer storage in devising policies and making decisions governing groundwater use? Although it is amongst the largest freshwater stores in the globe, cases of groundwater shortages are increasingly being reported across GLB communities, raising questions on the fitness of governance approaches to maintain groundwater storage (GWS) with growing climate and human pressures. Applying retrospective analytical methods to assess the century-old collaboration of the United States and Canada to maintain GLB water quantities, we characterize long-term trends and undertake systematic diagnosis to gain insight into causal mechanisms that have persisted over the years resulting in current GWS governance gaps. We reveal the surprising prominence of policies originally intended to safeguard surface water quantities being used to govern groundwater use and thereby maintain GWS. We also connect these, based on sustainable aquifer yield theory, to growing groundwater insecurity in the Basin’s drought-prone and/or groundwater-dependent communities. Based on deep understanding of long-standing policy pathologies, findings inform transboundary GWS governance reform proposals that can be highly useful to multiple levels of government policymakers.


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