CORRELATION OF PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS AND CLINICAL FINDINGS OF DENTAL PATIENTS AT MOI TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL, KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of panoramic radiographic findings and clinical findings among dental patients at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Kenya. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at the Radiology and Imaging department and dental department at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital from September, 2019 to June, 2020. A total of 93 consenting patients were enrolled using systematic random sampling. Standard chart review forms were administered, and clinical examination findings documented. Panoramic radiograph findings were then discussed with a consultant radiologists and findings recorded. Descriptive statistics were carried out. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and proportions, and reported in tables. Numerical variables were summarized as median and interquartile ranges. Cross tabulation was done to compare clinical examination and panoramic radiograph findings where total raw agreement was reported as proportions. Results: 93 patients whose ages ranged from 5-73 years with a mean of 29 years were included into the study. Radiographic features of dental caries were present in 54% of panoramic radiographs compared to clinical examination (50.5%) while 23.7% of radiographs revealed impacted teeth compared to clinical examination (19.4%). Radiographic features of periodontitis were observed in 14% compared to clinical examination (16.1%). Fractures (12.9%) were observed radiographically compared to (10.7%) clinically. Periapical lesions (8.6%) were observed radiographically compared to clinical examination (6.4%). Temporo-mandibular disorder (6.5%) were observed both on radiographs and clinical examination. Radiographic features of missing teeth (3.2%) were observed compared to clinical examination (1.1%) while only 1.1% of malpositioned teeth were observed radiographically compared to clinical examination (2.2%). Notably, mandibular lesions (3.2%) and nasal congestion (14%) were only discovered radiographically. The overall raw agreement between panoramic radiograph and clinical examination was 75.3% (70/93) with a p value of less than 0.001. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that all patients presenting with dental conditions should be done panoramic radiograph to improve diagnosis. Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital and the Ministry of Health to consider routine panoramic radiographs in the guidelines for the assessment of dental patients in all the hospitals offering, dental health services

Osteoarthritis Medication and Overview: A Narrative Review

Osteoarthritis, the most common form of joint disease, is primarily a disease of aging. Ninety percent of all people have radiographic features of osteoarthritis in weight-bearing joints by age 40. Symptomatic disease increases with age. Risk factors for this disorder include gender, genetics, obesity, and work history. Osteoarthritis develops in women more often than in men. This arthropathy is characterized by cartilage degeneration and bony hypertrophy at the articular margins. Inflammation is usually minimal. Hereditary and mechanical factors may be involved in the pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of counseling osteoarthritis and its treatment and management.

Xanthomatous meningioma, a rare histological variant: Case report

Xanthomatous meningioma is a WHO grade I metaplastic meningioma where neoplastic cells contain lipid-filled vacuolated cytoplasm. The origin of xanthomatous meningiomas is believed to be from meningothelial cells but diagnosis remains difficult because of their close resemblance with the histiocytes. Peculiar radiographic features may aid in diagnosis, however, definitive diagnosis requires immunohistochemical staining. We report a case of 43-year-old male with sphenoid wing meningioma revealing xanthomatous changes and received treatment as grade 1 meningioma. Though the exact pathophysiology remains unknown, we believe focal or gross metaplastic changes lead to transformation of tumor cells into the xanthomatous subtype. Authors discuss this interesting a rare histologic variant with discussion of the relevant literature.

Treacher Collins Syndrome: A Case Report

The Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS), also known as mandibulofacial dysostosis or Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein syndrome. Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is related to atypical differentiation of the first and second pharyngeal arches, taking place during fetal development. Prevalence of this syndrome is approximately 1 in 50,000 live births and it affects both genders equally. This article describes clinical and radiographic features of TCS who had reported to the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with the complaint of multiple dental caries. Also diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management and preventive aspects are discussed. Keywords: Treacher Collins syndrome, TCS, mandibulofacial dysostosis, Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein syndrome.

Differential Diagnosis of Anterior Mediastinal Masses in Children (Literature Review with Their Own Clinical Observations)

The article is devoted to the description of the X-ray anatomy of the mediastinum, the evolution of the classification of this anatomical region. As well as systematization of radiological signs of the most common formations of the anterior (prevascular) mediastinum in children. Based on these data, a table of the most characteristic radiographic features of various neoplasms of different groups. Reflected basic criteria differential diagnosis of various tumors of the anterior mediastinum.