Estimating the Methane Emissions and Energy Potential from Trichy and Thanjavur Dumpsite by LandGEM Model

One major factor, contributing to the emission of greenhouse gas in the environment is generation of hazardous gases in municipal landfills. Due to these potential negative impacts, it is obligatory to estimate the amount and type of landfill gasses to design and build a gas collecting system. Landfill gas emissions are governed by the type of waste, its biodegradability, its methane emission potential, the degree of separation and other miscellaneous factors. There are various US EPA recommendation model. The Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) is one the conventional model and also provides better estimation compared to other method. It is used to the amount of gases produced in the landfills of Trichy (Ariyamangalam) landfill and Thanjavur (Srinivasapuram) landfills have been predicted. According to the results, the largest amount of landfill gas emissions would be in 1993 for Trichy (Ariyamangalam) landfill and in 2027 for Thanjavur (Srinivasapuram) landfill. The total amount of produced gas, methane and carbon dioxide would be 16.2E + 10, 8.2E + 10 and 16.2 + 10 cubic meters per year in 1993 for trichy and 13E + 6, 5E + 6 and 13E + 6 cubic meters per year in 2027 for Thanjavur.

Effect of Agro Waste Saline Treated Cellulose Nanofiller on Mechanical, Visco Elastic and Thermal Behaviour of Epoxy Nanocomposites

A comparably novel strategy to develop sustainable nano composites is presented, in which cellulose nano fibers (CNFs) reinforcement derived from red banana empty fruit bunches is employed to solve issues related to landfill gas emissions and the simultaneous utilisation of organic wastes. The impact of saline treatment on the physicochemical, thermal, and morphological of CNFs is examined. Compression moulding was utilised to make five different loading levels of SCNFs reinforced epoxy nano composites. The resultant nano composites were evaluated by using mechanical and thermal analysis. The incorporation of SCNFs with a large surface area in epoxy allowed for mechanical interlocking and improved mechanical and thermal characteristics. The composite with the highest strengths and thermal stability was discovered to include 3% wt.% SNCFs. This research shows that combining epoxy with SCNFs has the potential to reduce agro waste while also developing sustainable nano composites with qualities that might be valuable for light-weight structural applications.

Low fraction of methane in landfill gas emissions in an industrial waste landfill containing incineration ash and gypsum board waste under anaerobic conditions

The behaviour of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions at the surface and below the soil cover in an industrial waste landfill under anaerobic operating conditions was evaluated for six years. This landfill contained gypsum board waste and incineration ash – a practice currently allowed because of a change in Japanese regulations. The CO2 and CH4 fluxes decreased throughout the six years of the survey. Almost all of the survey points exhibited fractions of CH4 in landfill gas emissions of <0.5 (mean values: 0.0–0.1 [surface], 0.0–0.3 [subsurface]) under anaerobic conditions. In addition, a relatively high first-order reaction rate constant for the landfill gas emissions (0.3 year−1) was observed. The landfill leachate showed a relatively high sulphate ion (SO4 2–) concentration, although other environmental conditions, such as the pH, oxidation–reduction potential and ammonium concentration, were not at levels that could have inhibited CH4 production. These findings suggest that the low fractions could have been related to the lower amounts of CH4 generation caused by competition between methanogens and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Therefore, SRB could play a major role in the degradation of organic carbon in the landfill.