Effect of Agro Waste Saline Treated Cellulose Nanofiller on Mechanical, Visco Elastic and Thermal Behaviour of Epoxy Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thanga Kasi Rajan ◽  
Nagarajan K J ◽  
A N BALAJI ◽  
K. Sathick Basha
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Landfill Gas Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A comparably novel strategy to develop sustainable nano composites is presented, in which cellulose nano fibers (CNFs) reinforcement derived from red banana empty fruit bunches is employed to solve issues related to landfill gas emissions and the simultaneous utilisation of organic wastes. The impact of saline treatment on the physicochemical, thermal, and morphological of CNFs is examined. Compression moulding was utilised to make five different loading levels of SCNFs reinforced epoxy nano composites. The resultant nano composites were evaluated by using mechanical and thermal analysis. The incorporation of SCNFs with a large surface area in epoxy allowed for mechanical interlocking and improved mechanical and thermal characteristics. The composite with the highest strengths and thermal stability was discovered to include 3% wt.% SNCFs. This research shows that combining epoxy with SCNFs has the potential to reduce agro waste while also developing sustainable nano composites with qualities that might be valuable for light-weight structural applications.

scholarly journals Insulation Characteristics of Sisal Fibre/Epoxy Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shalwan ◽  
M. Alajmi ◽  
A. Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
The Impact

Using natural fibres in civil engineering is the aim of many industrial and academics sectors to overcome the impact of synthetic fibres on environments. One of the potential applications of natural fibres composites is to be implemented in insulation components. Thermal behaviour of polymer composites based on natural fibres is recent ongoing research. In this article, thermal characteristics of sisal fibre reinforced epoxy composites are evaluated for treated and untreated fibres considering different volume fractions of 0–30%. The results revealed that the increase in the fibre volume fraction increased the insulation performance of the composites for both treated and untreated fibres. More than 200% insulation rate was achieved at the volume fraction of 20% of treated sisal fibres. Untreated fibres showed about 400% insulation rate; however, it is not recommended to use untreated fibres from mechanical point of view. The results indicated that there is potential of using the developed composites for insulation purposes.

Tracer method to measure landfill gas emissions from leachate collection systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2146-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders M. Fredenslund ◽  
Charlotte Scheutz ◽  
Peter Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Leachate Collection ◽  
Landfill Gas Emissions

A noise reduction method for semi-supervised community detection based on harmonic function

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (14) ◽  
pp. 1850166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilin Fan ◽  
Kaiyuan Song ◽  
Dong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Function ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Detection Process ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The Impact

Semi-supervised community detection is an important research topic in the field of complex network, which incorporates prior knowledge and topology to guide the community detection process. However, most of the previous work ignores the impact of the noise from prior knowledge during the community detection process. This paper proposes a novel strategy to identify and remove the noise from prior knowledge based on harmonic function, so as to make use of prior knowledge more efficiently. Finally, this strategy is applied to three state-of-the-art semi-supervised community detection methods. A series of experiments on both real and artificial networks demonstrate that the accuracy of semi-supervised community detection approach can be further improved.

Formulating landfill gas emissions model for forecasting methane generation from waste under Iranian scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Abbas Norouzian Baghani ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh ◽  
Somayeh Golbaz ◽  
Amir Hossein Mahvi
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Landfill Gas Emissions

Formulating landfill gas emissions model for forecasting methane generation from waste under Iranian scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Somayeh Golbaz ◽  
Amir Hossein Mahvi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh ◽  
Abbas Norouzian Baghani
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Landfill Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Simulation of a biogas cleaning process using different amines

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Sepúlveda ◽  
Luis Eduardo Jaimes ◽  
Leonardo Pacheco ◽  
Carlos Alirio Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Combustible Gases ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Landfill Gas Emissions

The use of biogas generated in landfills has gained importance in developing countries like Colombia. Taking into account that this biogas presents poor combustion properties that make interchangeability with other combustible gases difficult, the elimination of gases and vapors, such as CO2 and H2O, through a cleaning process, in which the biogas is converted to biomethane, improves the biogas properties as a fuel gas for general use. In this work, we simulated the generation of biogas at El Carrasco sanitary landfill in Bucaramanga, using the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) landfill gas emissions model. Additionally, we simulated the biogas cleaning process to extract the remaining moisture using the ProMax software; for this, we used three different amines (MDEA, MEA, and DEA), followed by a glycol dehydration process. The results showed that the amine MEA produced the largest increase in the concentration of CH4 (90.37 %) for the biogas generated in the landfill. Furthermore, dehydration with glycol was an efficient process to obtain a gas with a high percentage of methane (91.47 %) and low water presence (1.27 %); this would allow the use of biomethane in conventional industrial combustion processes and power generation.

scholarly journals Avaliação econômica e do potencial energético do biogás de aterro em Campinas - SP

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e4286788
Author(s):  
Lílian Carla Ferreira Freitas ◽  
York Castillo Santiago ◽  
Natalia de Souza Ribeiro ◽  
Taís Eliane Marques ◽  
Jucimar Augusto Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Reduction Model ◽  
Landfill Gas Emissions

A necessidade de um maior número de alternativas energéticas limpas somadas à problemática da coleta e disposição final dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) dos grandes centros urbanos, mostra a importância da gestão destes resíduos. Neste contexto, é fundamental o aproveitamento dos gases gerados no aterramento desses resíduos. No presente trabalho é realizada uma estimativa para a produção de biogás bem como a análise da viabilidade econômica da utilização do mesmo biogás gerado em um aterro e um patio de compostagem dimensionados para a cidade de Campinas – SP, entre os anos 2018 e 2038. Para a análise das emissões provenientes dos Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE) utilizou-se o modelo de emissões de gás de aterro sanitário, em inglês Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM), e o modelo de redução de resíduos, em inglês Waste Reduction Model  (WARM).  No WARM foram analisados três cenários, sendo que o cenário C3 apresentou a maior redução de emissões de GEE e foi a segunda melhor opção para o consumo energético. O LandGEM possibilitou uma estimativa na produção de metano (CH4), de dióxido de carbono (CO2) e outros gases. A quantidade de biogás gerada para os anos 20 anos de produção foi de 934,872,000 m3, correspondendo à vida útil do aterro. O estudo de viabilidade econômica para uma potência instalada de 4MW e considerando diferentes cenários com o preço do dólar variando entre R$2.80 a R$$5.80, mostrou que a execução do projeto é rentável. Com relação às vantagens ambientais estão a redução nas emissões de GEE e a contribuição direta para uma efetiva gestão dos resíduos sólidos em grandes centros urbanos.

scholarly journals Gas to Liquids Techno-Economics of Associated Natural Gas, Bio Gas, and Landfill Gas

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Federico Galli ◽  
Jun-Jie Lai ◽  
Jacopo De Tommaso ◽  
Gianluca Pauletto ◽  
Gregory S. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Gas To Liquids ◽  
The Impact

Methane is the second highest contributor to the greenhouse effect. Its global warming potential is 37 times that of CO2. Flaring-associated natural gas from remote oil reservoirs is currently the only economical alternative. Gas-to-liquid (GtL) technologies first convert natural gas into syngas, then it into liquids such as methanol, Fischer–Tropsch fuels or dimethyl ether. However, studies on the influence of feedstock composition are sparse, which also poses technical design challenges. Here, we examine the techno-economic analysis of a micro-refinery unit (MRU) that partially oxidizes methane-rich feedstocks and polymerizes the syngas formed via Fischer–Tropsch reaction. We consider three methane-containing waste gases: natural gas, biogas, and landfill gas. The FT fuel selling price is critical for the economy of the unit. A Monte Carlo simulation assesses the influence of the composition on the final product quantity as well as on the capital and operative expenses. The Aspen Plus simulation and Python calculate the net present value and payback time of the MRU for different price scenarios. The CO2 content in biogas and landfill gas limit the CO/H2 ratio to 1.3 and 0.9, respectively, which increases the olefins content of the final product. Compressors are the main source of capital cost while the labor cost represents 20–25% of the variable cost. An analysis of the impact of the plant dimension demonstrated that the higher number represents a favorable business model for this unit. A minimal production of 7,300,000 kg y−1 is required for MRU to have a positive net present value after 10 years when natural gas is the feedstock.

Mechanical Behavior of Heat Activated Film Adhesives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Janamanchi ◽  
Abhijit Dasgupta ◽  
Narendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Melting Transition ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Curing Age

Abstract Heat activated film (HAF) adhesives enable the bonding of materials that are difficult to bond with conventional adhesives where one of the substrates is flexible. Although they are traditionally found in the context of industrial and structural applications, they are increasingly finding use in in electronic products. This paper provides a preliminary evaluation of the mechanical behavior of HAFs. Two commercial polyurethane HAF formulations (designated as HAF-II and HAF-III, for the purpose of this paper) were evaluated to assess the dependence of the mechanical properties on phase transitions and on the thermal exposure history of the material. Both factors were found to play a significant role in determining the overall usability of the materials. The melting transition occurs under 50°C for both materials, after which their stiffness drops significantly. Among the two, HAF-III is preferable as it undergoes a delayed melting transition, effectively extending the usable operating temperature range. As with any adhesive, there are several other factors that can influence the performance of adhesives such as post-curing age, storage, and curing conditions to name a few. The impact of these factors on the material’s strength is also discussed in brief and a recommendation for favorable conditions is provided.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document