‘It’s always difficult when it’s family. . . whereas when you’re talking to a therapist. . .’: Parents’ views of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depressed adolescents

Background: Parents are key to helping their adolescent child access psychological therapy for mental health problems such as depression. However, little is known about how parents experience their child’s psychological therapy. We aimed to explore parents’ experiences of their adolescent child’s cognitive behaviour therapy for depression. Method: We applied Thematic Analysis (TA) to qualitative data from in-depth interviews with parents ( N = 16) whose adolescent child was randomly allocated to CBT in a large multisite RCT for adolescent depression (the IMPACT trial). Interviews were conducted at the end of treatment. Results: We generated two main themes: parents’ perceptions of the adolescent’s journey through therapy, and parents’ perceptions of the therapeutic setting and process. Each included four sub-themes. Parents talked about key factors that impacted on their child’s progress through treatment, including the adolescent’s readiness for therapy and the adolescent-therapist relationship. Conclusion: Parents’ insights confirm the foundations of what is considered good clinical practice of CBT for adolescent depression, including tailoring therapy to the adolescent, and establishing a strong adolescent-therapist relationship. Parents recognised that, for CBT to be helpful, their child had to be willing to engage in therapy and able to develop a trusting relationship with their therapist.

Early Adolescent Predictors of Violent Behavior: Child and Contextual Risk, and Moderation by Rejecting Parenting

The current study explored early adolescent child-level predictors (physical aggression, impulsivity, empathy) and contextual-level predictors (peer deviance, neighborhood dangerousness) of violent and nonviolent antisocial behavior (AB) in late adolescence. Additionally, we tested the moderating role of rejecting parenting on these associations based on the importance of parent-child relationships in early adolescence and documented bidirectional associations between parenting and our predictor variables. Participants ( N = 272) came from the Pitt Mother and Child Project, a longitudinal study of high-risk boys. Higher levels of early adolescent physical aggression significantly predicted late adolescent engagement in both nonviolent and violent crimes. Peer deviance, impulsivity, and neighborhood dangerousness were also associated with later juvenile AB. Rejecting parenting moderated several of these associations. Results support the predictive validity of several early adolescent child- and contextual-level variables—particularly early adolescent aggression—for subsequent engagement in both violent and nonviolent AB.

Estratégias para melhorar a comunicação entre o Dentista e o paciente adolescente: revisão integrativa da literatura

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e descrever possibilidades e estratégias para melhorar a comunicação entre o dentista e o paciente adolescente. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura mediante busca na base de dados MEDLINE/PubMed usando os descritores: adolescent, child, communication, health communication e dentist. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por dois pesquisadores, de forma independente. Foram considerados estudos originais que incluíam participantes com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. Primeiro foi realizada a leitura de títulos e resumos, depois a seleção foi mediante leitura dos textos na íntegra. Por fim, seis estudos foram incluídos na revisão, correspondendo a literatura dos últimos oito anos. Um era um estudo transversal e os demais eram Ensaios Randomizados Controlados. Os estudos avaliaram estratégias em relação à comunicação verbal, escrita e virtual, como folhetos impressos, mapas mentais, formulários e recursos digitais. Como desfecho, obtiveram resultados positivos para diminuição da dor, e da ansiedade odontológica, e maior retenção de informações fornecidas pelo cirurgião-dentista. Diante disso, o cirurgião-dentista deve buscar meios adicionais para melhorar a comunicação com o paciente adolescente, e a literatura atual fornece algumas ferramentas com bons resultados, inclusive no que se refere ao atendimento do paciente com ansiedade odontológica. Incluir o resumo.

Vicarious praise and pain: parental neural responses to social feedback about their adolescent child

Social feedback, such as praise or critique, profoundly impacts our mood and social interactions. It is unknown, however, how parents experience praise and critique about their child and whether their mood and neural responses to such ‘vicarious’ social feedback are modulated by parents’ perceptions of their child. Parents (n = 60) received positive, intermediate and negative feedback words (i.e. personality characteristics) about their adolescent child during a magnetic resonance imaging scan. After each word, parents indicated their mood. After positive feedback their mood improved and activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus increased. Negative feedback worsened parents’ mood, especially when perceived as inapplicable to their child, and increased activity in anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and precuneus. Parents who generally viewed their child more positively showed amplified mood responses to both positive and negative feedback and increased activity in dorsal striatum, inferior frontal gyrus and insula in response to negative feedback. These findings suggest that vicarious feedback has similar effects and engages similar brain regions as observed during feedback about the self and illustrates this is dependent on parents’ beliefs of their child’s qualities and flaws. Potential implications for parent–child dynamics and children’s own self-views are discussed.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA MINDFULNESS IBU & KONFLIK IBU DENGAN ANAK REMAJA USIA 13-15 TAHUN

Mothers are expected to have good relationships with their adolescents. However, there aremany conflicts between mothers and their adolescents, which cannot be resolved properly bymothers. Therefore, mothers who have early adolescent child need to have a mindful attitudeto avoid conflicts and resolve conflicts that occur with teenagers. The aim of this study is tofind out the relationship between mindfulness and conflict among mothers who haveadolescents aged 13-15 years. Participants in this study were 118 mothers who haveadolescents aged 13-15 years, which were collected using 15-item Five Facet MindfulnessQuestionnaire (FFMQ-15) and Konflik Ibu-Anak (KIA) and convenience sampling method.Correlation analysis show that there is a significant negative relationship between mindfulnessand conflict among mothers who have adolescents aged 13-15 years (r(117) = -0.272; p <0.05,one-tailed). This finding confirmed previous study, that the mor mindfulness the mother is, themore mother aware and process her emotion, and the less conflict they she has with herdaughter. It is recommended that further analysis needed to the context of respondents.