Dynamic assembly of the calcium hemostasis modulator 1 channel gates ATP permeation

Calcium hemostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is a voltage- and Ca2+-gated ATP channel that plays an important role in neuronal signaling. The currently reported CALHM structures are all in an ATP-conducting state, and the gating mechanism of ATP permeation remains elusive. Here, we report three cryo-EM reconstructions of heptameric CALHM1s with ordered or flexible long C-terminal helices and octameric CALHM1 with flexible long C-terminal helices at resolutions of 3.2 Å, 2.9 Å, and 3.5 Å. Structural analysis revealed that the heptameric CALHM1s are in an ATP nonconducting state in which the pore diameter in the middle is approximately 6.6 Å. Compared with those inside the octameric CALHM1s, the N-helices inside heptameric CALHM1s are in the "down" position to avoid steric clash with neighboring TM1 helices. MD simulations show that the pore size is significantly increased for ATP permeation during the movement of the N-helix from the "down" position to the "up" position. Therefore, we proposed a mechanism in which the "piston-like" motion of the N-helix drives the dynamic assembly of the CALHM1 channel for ATP permeation.

Methodology for auditing the effectiveness of the use of public resources in the context of the " new " CAA 104

The article discusses the methodology for auditing the effectiveness of the use of state resources in conducting state audits in the context of the new CAA 104 that has entered into force. The article includes an assessment of the relevant provisions of the standards of the Accounting Chamber of the Russian Federation.

STUDY OF ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE LAND MONITORING IN THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA

Rational use of land resources is ensured by regular state land supervision and municipal control. In the process of conducting state land supervision and municipal control, violations of use of land resources are identified and an order is prepared for their elimination. The statistical data provided in this paper allow concludine that it is advisable to increase penalties for the use of land resources not for their intended purpose or with other violations of land use and development rules. The article analyzes the results of state land supervision in the Republic of Tuva from 2017 to 2019. At the same time, the main provisions of the state land supervision are considered, its structure, content, methods of implementation, as well as the bodies that carry out this activity are defined. The role of the state land supervision was shown. The advantages and disadvantages of state land supervision are revealed.

Development of Modern Production Prototypes of Wide-Coverage Sprinkler Irrigation Equipment

Creating effective irrigation systems requires solving the dialectic problem: selecting high-performance equipment and irrigation technology that takes into account the rational water and energy use requirements and maximum adaptation to the region of their application ensuring environmental safety, preserving and increasing the fertility of irrigated soils. The fundamental is the principle of maximum adaptation of sprinkling equipment to specific soil, climatic and relief conditions, taking into account the environmental indicators acceptable for a particular landscape. In the period from 2015, development work on the reconstruction of domestic wide-coverage sprinklers in the Russian Federation was resumed. Over this short period, a number of companies went from developing working design documentation for prototype models of preproduction series of sprinkler machines to conducting state acceptance tests confirming the status of a Russian manufacturer to their active introduction in irrigated areas of domestic agricultural producers. When developing a number of models of sprinkler machines, the FSBI All-Russian Research Institute "Raduga" took an active part in their designing and in experimental work, development of technical documentation and support for conducting state tests; they are that were considered in this article. All samples were developed on the basis of the conditions of compliance with modern agrotechnical requirements, namely, when watering, artificial precipitation should form in its structure close to natural rains with a droplet diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm and an intensity of up to 0.25 mm / min. with a uniform distribution over area not less than 0.8. Testing of the samples was carried out by the Federal State Institution “Vladimir State Zone Machine Testing Station” in accordance with “ STO AIST 11.1-2010. Sprinkling machines and installations. Methods for assessing functional indicators”, and also related standard and regulatory documents. The tests passed allowed us to obtain positive protocols of state acceptance tests with recommendations on putting in serial production or putting in production after implementing the corrections.