Beneficiation of Faya Clay for Drilling Mud Production Using Froth Floatation and Jig Gravity Concentration Techniques

The comparative study for upgrading Faya clay, in Faya Town of Plateau State, Nigeria to oil and Gas drilling mud grade was carried out. The clay was sourced from three veins A, B, and C. The samples were homogenized, crushed and ground. 5 kg of the homogenized sample was used for the experiment and laboratory work. Chemical and mineralogical characterization of the clay sample was carried out using; X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffractorneter (XRD). The clay sample was beneficiated using two methods: froth flotation and gravity concentration method (Jigging). The chemical composition of the crude clay revealed that it contains 16.6% Al2O3, 35.6% SiO2, 0.559% K2O, 0.084% CaO, 6.133% Fe2O3, 0.91 % TiO2 and 38.7 % BaO. The result of XRD analysis shows that quartz is predominant in the sample with 61.7% wt quartz (SiO2). Other minerals found in the sample include 28.59% wt of dickite (Al2 Si205 (0H)), 8.89% wt goethite (Fe0 (0H 4) and 0.83% wt muscovite (KO.92 NaO.08) (Al.86 FeO.07 TiO.02) (Si.3 O.3 AlO.97) O10 (OH)2 at 2 . Froth flotation method is more efficient for the beneficiation of Faya clay as it improves the BaO composition of the clay from 38.7% to 52.2%, with a recovery of 97.2%, an enrichment and ratio of concentration of 1.4 compared with the jigging method, which improved BaO composition from 38.7% in the crude clay to 47.5%, with a recovery of 90.96% and an enrichment ratio of 0.7; and ratio of concentration of 0.7. Froth floatation improved the specific gravity of the clay from 3.3 to 4.31; while jigging improved the specific gravity from 3.3 to 4. 05. Therefore, froth flotation method is more appropriate for the concentration of Faya clay ahead of jigging method of processing.Keywords: Upgrading, Characterization, Faya - clay, Drilling, Production

Beneficiation and Physiochemical Characterization of Coal Deposits in Achibo-Sombo Area, South-Western Ethiopia

This study was conducted to upgrade the quality of Achibo-Sombo coal deposits by physiochemical beneficiation methods particularly by using froth floatation technique to minimize the ash and sulfur content from coal particles. During the floatation test, proximate, ultimate, calorific value, functional groups, surface morphology and crystal structure analysis of Achibo-Sombo coal was carried out through different methods. The moisture content of a raw sample and treated sample is found in the range of 11.81 to 20.27% and 8.12 to 14.02 % respectively. The volatile matter is ranging from 22.74 to 34.85 % for raw coal and 21.92 to 30.64 % for treated coal samples. The ash content of the raw coal sample is ranging from 22.47 to 36.58 % which became in the range 7.49 to 13.62 % after treatment. The fixed carbon is also changed from 23.85–38.31% of raw sample to 44.47–55.87 % for treated coal samples. The calorific value of a raw sample is found in the ranges of 5838.46 Btu/lb. to 9531.29 Btu/lb. whereas for treated coal samples it is found in the ranges of 9438.12 Btu/lb. to 11756.63 Btu/lb. The sulfur and nitrogen contents of the raw coal sample which were ranged from 0.57 to 1.9 % − 1.22 to 1.44 % are reduced to 0.25 to 0.41% -0.52 to 0.92% respectively after treatment. Generally, the Achibo-Sombo raw coal is falling under the coal grade of lignite B to sub-bituminous B whereas the treated coal sample is grouped under sub-bituminous C to high volatile bituminous C. Accordingly, the results obtained indicate that the Achibo coal streams are upgraded relatively with better calorific value and fixed carbon and with lowest ash contents as compared to samples collected from other sites.

EFFECT OF CAPILLARY PRESSURE IN NANOBUBBLES ON THEIR ADHERENCE TO PARTICLES DURING FROTH FLOATATION. PART 6. INFORMATIVITY OF BUBBLE SPREADING CURVES

Spreading curves (SCs) are calculated for bubble diameters (de) 1 mm and 1 μm on substrates with different wettability: from maximumhydrophobicity (Г) to maximum-hydrophilicity (Ф) as well as incompletely wettable (Нх) ones, where x = 0,8; 0,6; 0,4 and 0,2 is the fraction of an ionized collector monolayer under the bubble. The calculations were based on the results of a numerical solution of the Laplace equation in the form of 12-figure tables such as Bashforth and Adams tables. They demonstrate firstly that the SCs obtained are identical to those calculated for bubbles with de = 20 and 10 nm, and thus SC shapes are unchanged in the 105 range, i.e. virtually for all flotation bubbles, and secondly that SC shapes and their mutual arrangement depend on substrate wettability. Spreading curves clearly illustrate the advantages of substrate Г adhesion to the bubble in comparison with substrate Ф, and for Нх an advantage of the substrate with a larger fraction of x. It is quantitatively shown that even with small spreading of nanobubbles adhered to the particle, their adherence force increases billion times so that large bubbles can fix on their increased perimeters and lead the particle to flotation. If, however, the adhesion of large bubbles to nanobubbles occurs before spreading of the latter, they will come off together, and the particle will not float. This mechanism was used for particle flotation in the processes of the Bessel brothers, Potter-Delpra and two processes of F. Elmor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The prospect of increasing the productivity and cost-efficiency of modern froth flotation by activating particle flotation not only with nanobubbles but also with larger bubbles is considered.

Effect of particle size on the froth floatation of Sokoto phosphate ore

Effect of particle size on the froth floatation of Sokoto phosphate ore for its beneficiation has been investigated and established. The research has been conducted using various reagents, pH(s) at different sieve size fractions. Bench scale flotation tests were carried out on -250+180μm, -180+106μm, -106+75μm, -75+45μm and -45+38μm particle size fractions after screening in order to determine the optimum flotation feed size distribution using 1 liter Denver flotation cell. The results of the scoping flotation studies using a conditioning Pulp Density of 60%Solids, pH9, 800g/t reagent dosage for AERO704 Promoter (Fatty Acid) and flotation pulp density of 28.5% Solids show that +106μm particle size gave the highest assay content of 20.4% P2O5 with a recovery of 76.2% compared to +38μm (19.9%P2O5 and recovery of 43.2%) and +180μm (19.4%P2O5 and 24.1% recovery) in their floats (concentrates) but with no perfect separation as the tailings fraction also contained similar grades with slight differences.

Effect of reagent type on the froth floatation of Sokoto phosphate ore

Effect of reagent type on the froth floatation of Sokoto phosphate ore for its beneficiation has been established. The samples of the Sokoto phosphate mineral ore used for the research work were sourced from mining locations in Dange-Shuni, Bodinga, Yabo, Wurno, and Rabbah Local Government Areas of Sokoto State. Size-Assay analysis conducted on scrubbed Sokoto Phosphates nodules revealed that nodules had a size distribution with 80% passing 29.3 mm. Flotation Tests using AERO704 (fatty Acid), Alkyl Hydroxamates, Melamine as collectors (alone or mixed with diesel), MIBC as frother, Calcium Hydroxide and Sulphuric Acid as pH regulators and Dextrin, Sodium Silicate and Aluminium Chloride as depressants produced poor P2O5 separation in the flotation products due to very poor liberation associated with very fine mineral grains. Based on the results obtained, AERO704 Collector gave the best result with aP2O5 recovery pH of 10.

Recovery and Separation of Si and SiC in Wire Cutting Waste Slurry from Photovoltaic Silicon

The Si and SiC in wire cutting waste slurry from photovoltaic silicon were recovery and separation by froth floatation in this paper, and the lauryl amine and sodium hamates were used as collector and flocculants, respectively. The effects of collector concentration, inhibitor species, and solution temperature and pH value on separation efficiency were investigated. The morphology of collected solid was characterized by SEM.The phase composition of collected solid was characterized by XRD. Laser particle seizer was used to study the particle size distribution. The results showed that temperature had little effect on the flotation efficiency. When pH value was 7, the lauryl amine adapts to neutral environment and the collecting effect of collector was the best, and cellulose was considered to be the best inhibitors in four different inhibitors. When volume fraction of lauryl amine, sodium humate flocculant, cellulose inhibitor, and temperature and pH value were 0.16%, 0.16%, 0.25‰, 30°C and 7, respectively, the solid collecting rate and collected SiC purity were respectively 51.94% and 94.7%.