The in vitro and in vivo anti-virulent effect of organic acid mixtures against Eimeria tenella and Eimeria bovis

Eimeria tenella and Eimeria bovis are complex parasites responsible for the condition of coccidiosis, that invade the animal gastrointestinal intestinal mucosa causing severe diarrhoea, loss of appetite or abortions, with devastating impacts on the farming industry. The negative impacts of these parasitic infections are enhanced by their role in promoting the colonisation of the gut by common foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to test the anti-Eimeria efficacy of maltodextrin, sodium chloride, citric acid, sodium citrate, silica, malic acid, citrus extract, and olive extract individually, in vitro and in combination, in vivo. Firstly, in vitro infection models demonstrated that antimicrobials reduced (p < 0.05), both singly and in combination (AG), the ability of E. tenella and E. bovis to infect MDBK and CLEC-213 epithelial cells, and the virulence reduction was similar to that of the anti-coccidial drug Robenidine. Secondly, using an in vivo broiler infection model, we demonstrated that AG reduced (p = 0.001) E. tenella levels in the caeca and excreted faeces, reduced inflammatory oxidative stress, improved the immune response through reduced ROS, increased Mn-SOD and SCFA levels. Levels of IgA and IgM were significantly increased in caecal tissues of broilers that received 0.5% AG and were associated with improved (p < 0.0001) tissue lesion scores. A prophylactic approach increased the anti-parasitic effect in vivo, and results indicated that administration from day 0, 5 and 10 post-hatch reduced tissue lesion scores (p < 0.0001) and parasite excretion levels (p = 0.002). Conclusively, our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the natural antimicrobial mixture (AG) reduced parasitic infections through mechanisms that reduced pathogen virulence and attenuated host inflammatory events.

PEDIATRIC PALATAL FOCAL FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA

Fibroma is a common soft tissue lesion of the oral cavity, however, the origin of broma in a palatal region is rare. It may arise as a hyperplastic inammatory reaction in response to a local inciting agent, inammatory source, or chronic traumatic injury. These masses represent hyperplasia instead of true neoplasm. We present a case of broma present on the palatal region in an 8- year-old child diagnosed based on clinical, radiological, and histological features.

Middle ear squamous cell carcinoma: a case report

<p class="abstract">Squamous cell carcinoma of middle ear is a rare entity. We present a case of 77 year old male, with squamous cell carcinoma of middle ear. Patient presented with blood tinged otorrhoea. Oto-endoscopy examination revealed a soft tissue lesion in middle ear which bled on touch. Histopathological study of this soft tissue lesion gave a diagnosis of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Radical clearance of the tumour achieved after removal of the malleus and incus. Tumour was seen extending into the eustachian tube orifice and it was removed in toto. Uderlying bone was ablated using diode laser to confirm the radical clearance. Later patient was given radiotherapy 6 weeks after surgery to allow the healing of the operative site. The objective to report this case was to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment for a better survival. Long standing history of ear discharge with soft tissue lesion bleeding on touch should always be evaluated by histopathological study to exclude malignancy.</p>

SOFT TISSUE LESION OF OROFACIAL REGION: OUR EXPERIENCE

Oral cavity which represents the first part of the human digestive system is housed by innumerable microorganisms. It is subjected to be under constant wear and tear of the tissues and is also vulnerable to various infections, lesions and tumors. This article represents some of the most common benign soft tissue lesion in the oro-facial region. It also signifies the importance of possible early diagnosis and management either conservatively or by surgical removal of the lesion.

Suspicious Hard Palate Tumor Revealing HIV Infection

This is a 31-year-old patient with no notable pathological history, who presents an ulcerative-budding mass of the hard palate increasing rapidly and bleeding easily on contact, without palpable cervical lymphadenopathy or other associated signs, the injected face CT scan objectified the presence of a tissue lesion process of the hard palate, lateralized to the left, lysing the alveolar bone, bulging into the oral cavity and extending to the soft palate and soft gingival parts.

Soft tissue lesion of the ear canal – Now you see it, now you don’t

Spontaneous herniation of the temporomandibular joint along a bony defect in the external auditory canal is an uncommon condition that may lead to otologic symptoms. A 43-year-old gentleman presented with otalgia and an external auditory canal soft tissue lesion, which flattens upon opening of the jaw. Computed tomography scan of the temporal region confirmed the presence of a soft tissue lesion that herniated through an external auditory canal wall defect. This condition should be included in the differential diagnoses of an external auditory canal mass, despite infrequently encountered. It is important to inspect the external auditory canal during movement of the jaw when a soft tissue lesion is noted, so as not to miss this diagnosis.