Psychosocial interventions to improve HIV treatment adherence: A systematic review

Introduction: The problem of suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) can be overcome through multidisciplinary management that includes evidence-based psychosocial interventions. Existing reviews focus only on randomized controlled trials, overlooking valuable interventions whose evidence comes from different study designs. This review aimed to synthesize the current state of the art in psychological interventions for ART adherence, integrating studies with a variety of research designs.Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. We searched five databases for articles reporting a psychosocial intervention to improve treatment adherence for people living with HIV. The quality of each study was analyzed, and the data summarized using a narrative synthesis method.Results and discussion: Twenty-six articles were identified for inclusion. Individual counselling was the most common intervention, followed by peer-support based interventions delivered virtually or in person. Most interventions mixed different strategies, combining technology with individual counselling and peer support. It is important to note that the quality of evidence was not dependent on the study design.Conclusion: While the evidence requires further advancement, the review provides insight into which psychosocial interventions are helpful in improving ART treatment adherence.

Determination of Psychological Counsellor Candidates’ Competency Levels and Educational Needs in terms of Therapeutic Conditions in the Process of Individual Counselling

The purpose of the present study is to enhance the quality of psychological counselling education by identifying needs and competencies in the field. The lack of specific studies on therapeutic conditions in psychological counseling education on a national scale has led us to conduct the current study. The study group consists of 20 students (12 female, 8 male) taking Individual Counselling course during spring term in 2019- 2020 academic year. According to the audio recordings, the participants were seen to be unable to behave at expected level under the title of concreteness of therapeutic conditions. In addition, they were observed not to provide necessary conditions under the title of transparency. However, it has been revealed that they managed to develop empathy. Moreover, they were seen to be unable to fulfill here and now principle at expected level. Finally, they were found to perform respect conditions.

Determination of Psychological Counsellor Candidates’ Competency Levels and Educational Needs in terms of Therapeutic Conditions in the Process of Individual Counselling

The purpose of the present study is to enhance the quality of psychological counselling education by identifying needs and competencies in the field. The lack of specific studies on therapeutic conditions in psychological counseling education on a national scale has led us to conduct the current study. The study group consists of 20 students (12 female, 8 male) taking Individual Counselling course during spring term in 2019- 2020 academic year. According to the audio recordings, the participants were seen to be unable to behave at expected level under the title of concreteness of therapeutic conditions. In addition, they were observed not to provide necessary conditions under the title of transparency. However, it has been revealed that they managed to develop empathy. Moreover, they were seen to be unable to fulfill here and now principle at expected level. Finally, they were found to perform respect conditions.

Acceptability, feasibility, and impact of a pilot tuberculosis literacy and treatment counselling intervention: a mixed methods study

Background There is a need for innovative strategies to improve TB testing uptake and patient retention along the continuum of TB care early-on in treatment without burdening under-resourced health systems. We used a mixed methods approach to develop and pilot test a tuberculosis literacy and counselling intervention at an urban clinic in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, to improve TB testing uptake and retention in tuberculosis care. Methods We engaged in discussions with clinic staff to plan and develop the intervention, which was delivered by senior social work students who received one-week training. The intervention included: 1) group health talks with all patients attending the primary clinic; and 2) individual counselling sessions, using motivational interviewing techniques, with newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients. We compared social work students’ tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes, and practices before and after their training. We assessed the change in number of tuberculosis diagnostic tests performed after implementation via an interrupted time series analysis with a quasi-Poisson regression model. We compared pre- and post-intervention probabilities of treatment initiation and completion using regression analyses, adjusting for potential baseline confounders. We conducted focus groups with the students, as well as brief surveys and one-on-one interviews with patients, to assess acceptability, feasibility, and implementation. Results During the study period, 1226 individuals received tuberculosis diagnostic testing and 163 patients started tuberculosis treatment, of whom 84 (51.5%) received individual counselling. The number of diagnostic tuberculosis tests performed increased by 1.36 (95%CI 1.23–1.58) times post-intervention, adjusting for background calendar trend. Probabilities of TB treatment initiation and treatment completion increased by 10.1% (95%CI 1.5–21.3%) and 4.4% (95%CI -7.3-16.0%), respectively. Patients found the counselling sessions alleviated anxiety and increased treatment self-efficacy. Social work students felt the clinic staff were collaborative and highly supportive of the intervention, and that it improved patient engagement and adherence. Conclusions Engaging clinic staff in the development of an intervention ensures buy-in and collaboration. Education and counselling before and early-on in tuberculosis treatment can increase tuberculosis testing and treatment uptake. Training junior social workers can enable task-shifting in under-resourced settings, while addressing important service gaps in tuberculosis care.

The Role of Guidance and Counseling Services in Individual Counseling During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The primary role of the counsellor during the Covid-19 pandemic is expected to be able to formulate individual counselling services that are in accordance with the needs of students today. One of the guidance and counselling services is an individual counselling service which refers to Permendikbud Number 111 of 2014 to obtain limited information about individual counselling. It is hoped that the implementation of guidance and counselling will be able to implement individual counselling services properly. Guidance and counselling must be able to: 1) Prioritize the welfare of the counselee, 2) Able to develop the counselee's diversity of competency skills, 3) Develop information and emotional control skills, 4) Have high resilience in dealing with one's own problems and counselee problems. Individual counselling services are teacher guidance and counselling services in schools to help students solve problems about truancy, interaction with friends, personal problems and career studies. The function of individual counselling services in guidance and counselling can help students in overcoming problems, getting change, direction and support and better attention. Therefore, the role of guidance and counselling in individual counselling services is very important in guidance and counselling in schools. So the counsellor must have the ability to guide, understand the characteristics of students well so that the counsellor can provide optimal guidance services to students.

Influence of Individual Counselling on Self-Actualisation Of Students in Public Technical Colleges of Kisumu County, Kenya

Individual counselling is slowly gaining popularity as a measure for matching student’s sense of fulfilment with the general goals of technical and vocational education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of individual counselling on self-actualisation of students in public Technical colleges.The study was conducted in public technical colleges in Kisumu county, Kenya. A sample size of 120 students was selected at random. The findings indicated that individual counselling has a significant beneficial influence on student self-actualisation tendencies at the p<.05 level [F(1, 366) = 30.221, p = 0.000]. This indicates that those who had less benefitted from individual counselling had a low self-actualisation tendency while those who had highly benefitted from individual counselling had higher self-actualisation tendency. Implications of this finding are discussed.

Bimbingan Belajar untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Ekstrinsik

Based on the results of preliminary observations by the now major data and obtain the numbers in all schools of juvenile delinquency percentage 51%, after being given the action cycle I juvenile delinquency in schools has decreased by a large percentage of 48%, having resumed on cycle II juvenile delinquency rate has decreased by a large percentage of 74%.Thus the conclusion: the granting of individual counselling services showed that the intensity of juvenile delinquency in schools has decreased. Research activities have been successfully categorized karna percentages under the indicators of success that has been set by 80% the percentage of juvenile delinquency in schools. Thus with the granting of individual counselling services can lower the intensity of juvenile delinquency in schools class VIII in junior high school year Wuluhan Ulum Bustanul 2016/2017. Keywords: Individual Counselling, Juvenile Delinquency

Organization of Individual Counselling of Children Brought up in Foster Families (on the example of the «Family» Centre»)

Children, brought up in foster families, experience various problems (diffi culties in interpersonal relationships with parents, diffi culties in communicating with peers, emotional instability), which lead to confl icts, quarrels, running away from home, destructive phenomena, etc. One of the eff ective forms of working with children brought up in foster families is individual counselling. Individual counselling is used by various specialists (psychologists, educators, psychotherapists), where a special place is taken by a social educator. His or her activity involves the implementation of social-protective, preventive, educational, informational, advisory functions. In the process of organizing individual counseling, the social educator takes into account the social situation of the family and the child, personal characteristics, social conditions, social and cultural characteristics and the nature of the relationship with the social environment. To organize individual counseling, a social educator needs to master various and eff ective techniques, and take into account a number of recommendations. An analysis of the literature and practical socio-pedagogical experience led to an understanding of the insuffi cient degree of elaboration of this issue. The purpose of this article was the solution to this problem.