Consumers Awareness of the Message Not to Wash Raw Poultry, Current Practices, and Barriers to Following that Message

There are an estimated 47.8 million cases of foodborne illness in the U.S. each year. Raw poultry is the most common single commodity food associated with foodborne illness. The practice of washing raw poultry is highly prevalent among consumers despite the significant cross contamination risk. Previous educational campaigns have attempted to reduce the prevalence of washing raw poultry; however, there is limited information on how successful they have been in changing consumer behavior. In the research presented here, an online survey was administered to 1,822 consumers in the United States via SurveyMonkey. The survey sought to determine whether consumers washed raw poultry and if they were aware of the correct behavior to not wash raw poultry. Consumers who indicated that they were not aware of the correct behavior were presented with the USDA's educational message online and then asked how confident they were that they could stop washing raw poultry. The survey also included questions to identify barriers that prevented consumers who were aware of the correct behavior from not washing raw poultry. Results indicate that 73.5% (n = 1340) of consumers reported washing raw poultry. Of those consumers, 68.1% (n = 913) indicated that they were not aware that the practice is incorrect. When these consumers were presented the educational message, 81.9% (n =748) indicated that they were somewhat to very confident that they could stop washing raw poultry. Of the consumers who were aware of the correct behavior but continued to wash raw poultry, 58.4% (n = 244) reported that they continued to do so because they thought they cleaned surfaces well afterward. That is, consumers did not believe that their washing raw poultry was a risk for cross contamination. Data indicate that a large percentage of consumers are still not aware of the correct behavior to not wash raw poultry and a large subset of that group may easily adopt the practice if made aware of the correct behavior.

The Trial

Chapter 4 examines the trial, the focal point of the legal process, which provided a forum for both sides to discuss their version of events; produced the punitive sentence; and provided the basis for the educational message, whether in the courtroom or when publicized later. In doing so, it was the primary means by which tribunals projected the state’s authority and ideology, and formed the main distinction between revolutionary justice and revolutionary violence. Chapter 4 pieces together the trial process, examining how cases were brought to trial, the individuals involved (judges, lawyers, and others), the location, the trial procedure, and the sentences. A quantitative analysis of sentences reveals that they were far more varied than might be expected or that the authorities encouraged, revealing differing conceptions of counter-revolution and the nature of revolutionary consciousness, and more broadly the flexibility of law over violence. The chapter finishes by charting the move towards ‘model’ and then ‘show’ trials through an analysis of the preparations for the trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries in 1922—the first ‘show’ trial—and the Bolsheviks’ management of the process itself.

PESAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM REPRESENTASI GRAF KORELASI NOMOR JUZ DAN JUMLAH SURAH ALQURAN

Graph representation is a very interesting study and it is important to look for a meaningful discussion in various fields. This paper is agreed upon in reviewing the educational message in the graph representation of the sign of juz number and number of the surah of the Koran. In determining these considerations, the results obtained are made of 5 types of graphs, namely P2, P3, S4, S7, and S13. These results are supported by the revised coefficient r statistical value. Correlations wrote in the Koran for example in the QS. Yusuf/12: 111, Q.S. Saba/34: 6, and Q.S. Shad/38: 29. One of the messages of education needed in this study is that it discusses education as a completely structured process, by making faith a foundation for every science that makes up godliness in thinking, speaking, and discussing in private as well as socially.

SUN-629 Text for Success in Gestational Diabetes: Development and User Experience Testing of a Text Messaging Program

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 5–10% of pregnancies in the United States. Poorly controlled GDM can lead to serious fetal and maternal complications. Women diagnosed with GDM are asked to form many new self-management habits. Studies have shown that text messaging is an effective, easily accessible way to improve management of diabetes outside of pregnancy, but this method has not been studied in GDM. Objective: Obtain user feedback and iteratively incorporate it into a personalized text messaging program for women with GDM. Methods: We performed user experience testing of a text messaging program (Txt4GDM), which was created by a multidisciplinary team based on the Health Belief Model. The program includes: 1) reminders to check blood glucoses sent 4 times per day based on self-reported mealtimes, 2) positive feedback for each blood glucose reported by a user (with an algorithm instructing users to contact their care team if too high/low), 3) one educational message and 4) one motivational message per week. Women with GDM received simulated messages on a study smartphone. Subjects participated in semi-structured interviews about the content and phrasing of text messages. Interview replies were categorized into themes and used to iteratively optimize the program. Results: 10 women completed user experience testing. All participants thought the program would be useful for women with newly diagnosed GDM and would use it during their first pregnancy with GDM. There were several features of the program that participants particularly liked, which were categorized into two themes: 1) customization of timing of messages and 2) messages including information not adequately covered in routine care (such as healthy snack ideas and exercise). Several themes emerged from the semi-structured interviews that were used to optimize the program. 1) Further customization of message timing: We added the ability to enter different mealtimes for weekends and weekdays, which was well-received in subsequent iterations. 2) Minimization of jargon: Multiple women did not know what the “M” in GDM stood for, so we removed “GDM” from the messages. 3) Women wanted the messages to be more specifically related to GDM. For example, an educational message said: “Drinking water, instead of soda or juice, is healthy for you.” The phrase “and can help regulate your blood sugar” was added based on participant feedback. Conclusions: Overall, women with GDM would use the Txt4GDM text messaging program and think it would be helpful for GDM self-management. Based on user feedback, enhanced customization of timing of text message delivery, minimization of jargon, and language specific to GDM in educational messages were added. We are testing the optimized text messaging program in an ongoing usability study.

El "rosa pedagógico" italiano en la primera mitad del siglo XX: Las señoritas de Wanda Bontà

A partir de los años veinte del siglo pasado, el sector del género rosa adquiere las proporciones del fenómeno editorial, escrito, administrado y leído por mujeres. En Italia muchas tramas románticas se hacen portadoras de un mensaje educativo que pretende instruir a las lectoras para llegar a ser madres y esposas perfectas y encontrar así el sitio que les corresponde en la sociedad. Sin embargo, en muchas de estas obras, las historias y las figuras femeninas revelan a menudo el conflicto entre modelos tradicionales y deseos de emancipación. From the twenties the romance fiction acquires the proportions of a publishing phenomenon, written, administered and read by women. In Italy many romantic plots become carriers of an educational message that aims to instruct the readers to become perfect mothers and wives, fitting in the place that corresponds to them in society. However, in many of these works, stories and female figures often reveal the conflict between traditional models and wishes of emancipation.

Role of Breast Cancer Awareness Advertising Educational Messages in Educating Women to Develop a Precautionary Behavior

Breast cancer is a burning female health related issue and constantly increasing the threat for women around the globe. This study intends to analyze the power of an educational intervention in form of educational message on television to educate Pakistani women in order to improve their attitudes in adoption of precautionary behavior. The effects of these educational communication strategies are recorded by using the quantitative survey technique and a close ended questionnaire was distributed among the female respondents. A total of 300 women of Lahore Pakistan aged 20-40 were selected. Breast cancer awareness advertising educational message have been disseminated on television by Shaukat Khannum Cancer Hospital have been watched by respondents every year on television are intended to make women aware about the early diagnosis and the results reveal that these educational campaigns are not significantly educating women to develop a precautionary behavior in order to self-examine or tend them toward precautionary measures. Women are aware of breast cancer issues but still not clear about self-examination and consequences of delay in diagnosis of this fatal disease.