Consumers Awareness of the Message Not to Wash Raw Poultry, Current Practices, and Barriers to Following that Message

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Vatral ◽  
Abigail Gilman ◽  
Jennifer Quinlan
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Educational Message ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
Raw Poultry ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Do So

There are an estimated 47.8 million cases of foodborne illness in the U.S. each year. Raw poultry is the most common single commodity food associated with foodborne illness. The practice of washing raw poultry is highly prevalent among consumers despite the significant cross contamination risk. Previous educational campaigns have attempted to reduce the prevalence of washing raw poultry; however, there is limited information on how successful they have been in changing consumer behavior. In the research presented here, an online survey was administered to 1,822 consumers in the United States via SurveyMonkey. The survey sought to determine whether consumers washed raw poultry and if they were aware of the correct behavior to not wash raw poultry. Consumers who indicated that they were not aware of the correct behavior were presented with the USDA's educational message online and then asked how confident they were that they could stop washing raw poultry. The survey also included questions to identify barriers that prevented consumers who were aware of the correct behavior from not washing raw poultry. Results indicate that 73.5% (n = 1340) of consumers reported washing raw poultry. Of those consumers, 68.1% (n = 913) indicated that they were not aware that the practice is incorrect. When these consumers were presented the educational message, 81.9% (n =748) indicated that they were somewhat to very confident that they could stop washing raw poultry. Of the consumers who were aware of the correct behavior but continued to wash raw poultry, 58.4% (n = 244) reported that they continued to do so because they thought they cleaned surfaces well afterward. That is, consumers did not believe that their washing raw poultry was a risk for cross contamination. Data indicate that a large percentage of consumers are still not aware of the correct behavior to not wash raw poultry and a large subset of that group may easily adopt the practice if made aware of the correct behavior.

scholarly journals Retail Deli Slicer Inspection Practices: An EHS-Net Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN E. LIPCSEI ◽  
LAURA G. BROWN ◽  
E. RICKAMER HOOVER ◽  
BRENDA V. FAW ◽  
NICOLE HEDEEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Worker Training ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 3,000 people die in the United States each year from foodborne illness, and Listeria monocytogenes causes the third highest number of deaths. Risk assessment data indicate that L. monocytogenes contamination of particularly delicatessen meats sliced at retail is a significant contributor to human listeriosis. Mechanical deli slicers are a major source of L. monocytogenes cross-contamination and growth. In an attempt to prevent pathogen cross-contamination and growth, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created guidance to promote good slicer cleaning and inspection practices. The CDC's Environmental Health Specialists Network conducted a study to learn more about retail deli practices concerning these prevention strategies. The present article includes data from this study on the frequency with which retail delis met the FDA recommendation that slicers should be inspected each time they are properly cleaned (defined as disassembling, cleaning, and sanitizing the slicer every 4 h). Data from food worker interviews in 197 randomly selected delis indicate that only 26.9% of workers (n = 53) cleaned and inspected their slicers at this frequency. Chain delis and delis that serve more than 300 customers on their busiest day were more likely to have properly cleaned and inspected slicers. Data also were collected on the frequency with which delis met the FDA Food Code provision that slicers should be undamaged. Data from observations of 685 slicers in 298 delis indicate that only 37.9% of delis (n = 113) had slicers that were undamaged. Chain delis and delis that provide worker training were more likely to have slicers with no damage. To improve slicer practices, food safety programs and the retail food industry may wish to focus on worker training and to focus interventions on independent and smaller delis, given that these delis were less likely to properly inspect their slicers and to have undamaged slicers.

Japan and World Order

Worldview ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Robert W. Baraett
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Real Responsibility ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Pluralistic World ◽  
Do So

The anomaly in present U.S.-Japanese relations is that, while both countries warmly approve each other's professed foreign policies, neither country has mastered the new styles of doing business with each other necessitated by domestic trends, imperfectly perceived, which affect how each country looks upon itself and expects the other to understand it.The United States recognizes, at last, limits on its resources, power and capabilities. At home, the U.S. Government must devote a larger part of its budget to urgent social and economic needs of its own people. Looking outward, the Government rations sparingly the wealth it shares with others and insists that others, able to do so, take a larger part of real responsibility for preservation of world order. The American people are weary of ideological overtones in power confrontations abroad and are beginning to accept, with all of the risks and confusion of new perspectives, the reality of a pluralistic world.

Older Adults and Parents of Young Children Have Different Handling Practices for Raw Poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE M. KOSA ◽  
SHERYL C. CATES ◽  
JENNA BROPHY ◽  
SANDRIA GODWIN ◽  
DELORES CHAMBERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Raw Poultry

ABSTRACT Salmonella and Campylobacter are among the most common causes of foodborne disease in the United States. Most illnesses are associated with eating raw or undercooked poultry or cross-contamination. Young children and older adults are more susceptible to contracting foodborne illness and have serious infections compared with other age groups. We conducted a Web-based survey of parents of young children (n = 1,957) and older adults (n = 1,980) to estimate adherence to recommended food safety practices for raw poultry and to identify differences in practices between the two groups. The findings present adherence rates for 20 practices. In both groups, less than 50% of respondents reported adherence to seven practices; thus, improvements are needed in these areas. Parent respondents were significantly more likely than older adult respondents to report following eight practices, with most related to avoiding cross-contamination and using a food thermometer. For example, parents (39%) were significantly more likely than older adults (31%) to report not rinsing or washing raw poultry (P < 0.001). Older adult respondents were significantly more likely than parent respondents to report following seven practices, with most related to chilling to proper temperatures and thawing. For example, older adults (87%) were significantly more likely than parents (69%) to report cooking, freezing, or discarding raw poultry within 1 to 2 days of purchase as recommended (P < 0.001). For the remaining five practices, no differences were found between groups. To motivate behavior change, food safety messages and materials must target specific at-risk populations as their practices are different. Additional research is needed to better understand how parents of young children and older adults like to receive food safety information and how to tailor the information to different generations.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Vaping and Smoking as Modes of Delivery for Nicotine and Cannabis among Youth in Canada, England and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathima Fataar ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
The U.S

Background: Vaping has become an increasingly common mode of administration for both nicotine and cannabis, with overlap among users, devices, as well as nicotine and cannabis companies. There is a need to understand patterns of use among youth, including the way nicotine and cannabis are administered. Methods: Data are from Wave 2 of the ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping survey, an online survey conducted in 2018 among 16–19 year-olds recruited from commercial panels in Canada (n = 3757), England (n = 3819), and the U.S. (n = 3961). The prevalence of past 30-day vaping nicotine, non-nicotine and cannabis substances, as well as cannabis modes of use was examined. Logistic regression models examined between country differences in prevalence. Results: Past 30-day cannabis use was highest among Canadian youth (16.6%), followed by youth in the U.S. (13.8%) and England (9.0%). Vaping e-cigarettes was substantially more prevalent than vaping cannabis in all three countries. All forms of cannabis use were higher among Canadian and U.S. youth compared to England (p < 0.001 for all). Past 30-day cannabis users in the U.S. were more likely to report vaping cannabis oil (30.1%), and consuming solid concentrates such as wax and shatter (30.2%), compared to cannabis users in Canada (18.6% and 22.9%) and England (14.3% and 11.0%; p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: Youth are administering cannabis and nicotine using a wide diversity of modes. Cannabis users in the U.S.—where an increasing number of states have legalized medical and non-medical cannabis—reported notably higher use of more potent cannabis products, including cannabis oils and extracts.

Can Information Decrease Political Polarization? Evidence From the U.S. Taxpayer Receipt

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 736-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Duhaime ◽  
Evan P. Apfelbaum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
White House ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
High Level ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Do So

Scholars, politicians, and laypeople alike bemoan the high level of political polarization in the United States, but little is known about how to bring the views of liberals and conservatives closer together. Previous research finds that providing people with information regarding a contentious issue is ineffective for reducing polarization because people process such information in a biased manner. Here, we show that information can reduce political polarization below baseline levels and also that its capacity to do so is sensitive to contextual factors that make one’s relevant preferences salient. Specifically, in a nationally representative sample (Study 1) and a preregistered replication (Study 2), we find that providing a taxpayer receipt—an impartial, objective breakdown of how one’s taxes are spent that is published annually by the White House—reduces polarization regarding taxes, but not when participants are also asked to indicate how they would prefer their taxes be spent.

scholarly journals Relationship Agreements and Willingness to Participate in Couples HIV Testing and Counseling Among Heterosexuals in the U.S.

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeb S Jones ◽  
Rob Stephenson ◽  
Kristin M Wall ◽  
Patrick S Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Couples Counseling ◽  
Counseling Session ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counseling ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Testing And Counseling

Couples HIV testing and counseling (CHTC) has been used for more than 20 years in African settings and more recently among men who have sex with men in the United States, but little is known about willingness of heterosexuals in the U.S. to use CHTC. We conducted an online survey of heterosexuals in sexual relationships to assess willingness to use CHTC and willingness to discuss relationship agreements within a couples counseling session. We found moderate levels of willingness to use CHTC and somewhat higher levels of willingness to discuss relationship agreements in a couples counseling session. The most frequently cited reason people were not willing was that they did not perceive themselves or their partners to be at risk for HIV. These results will be useful in planning for CHTC implementation for heterosexuals in the U.S.

scholarly journals COVID-Related Victimization, Racial Bias and Employment and Housing Disruption Increase Mental Health Risk Among U.S. Asian, Black and Latinx Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia B. Fisher ◽  
Xiangyu Tao ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Salvatore Giorgi ◽  
Brenda Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The U.S

Background: The mental health of racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. has been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the extent to which disruptions in employment and housing, coronavirus-specific forms of victimization and racial bias independently and conjointly contributed to mental health risk among Asian, Black, and Latinx adults in the United States during the pandemic.Methods: This study reports on data from 401 Asian, Black, and Latinx adults (age 18–72) who participated in a larger national online survey conducted from October 2020–June 2021, Measures included financial and health information, housing disruptions and distress in response to employment changes, coronavirus related victimization distress and perceived increases in racial bias, depression and anxiety.Results: Asian participants had significantly higher levels of COVID-related victimization distress and perceived increases in racial bias than Black and Latinx. Young adults (&lt;26 years old) were more vulnerable to depression, anxiety, and coronavirus victimization distress than older respondents. Having at least one COVID-related health risk, distress in response to changes in employment and housing disruptions, pandemic related victimization distress and perceived increases in racial bias were positively and significantly related to depression and anxiety. Structural equation modeling indicated COVID-related increases in racial bias mediated the effect of COVID-19 related victimization distress on depression and anxiety.Conclusions: COVID-19 has created new pathways to mental health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. by exacerbating existing structural and societal inequities linked to race. Findings highlight the necessity of mental health services sensitive to specific challenges in employment and housing and social bias experienced by people of color during the current and future health crises.

scholarly journals Farm to Early Care and Education Programming: A Descriptive Study of Challenges and Opportunities to Promote Healthful Foods to Young Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6857
Author(s):  
Morgan L. McCloskey ◽  
Hannah Kesterson ◽  
Noereem Z. Mena ◽  
Jennifer Dellaport ◽  
Laura L. Bellows
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Local Food ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Care And Education ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Early Care ◽  
Provider Perspectives ◽  
Food Procurement

Interest in farm to early care and education (ECE) programming, which consists of gardening, nutrition education, and local food procurement, has been growing in the United States, as it may be a promising technique for promoting healthful foods to young children. However, there is limited information about current farm to ECE efforts in specific states, including Colorado, to support funding and resource needs. An online survey was distributed to licensed Colorado ECE providers in two phases to understand current participation in the farm to ECE as well as provider perspectives on benefits and barriers to programming. A total of 250 surveys were completed. Approximately 60% of ECE facilities participated in gardening and nutrition education with providers almost unanimously agreeing on the child-centric benefits of programming. Fewer facilities (37%) participated in local food procurement likely due to significant time, cost, and knowledge barriers. To increase participation in farm to ECE as a technique for promoting healthful foods to young children, future efforts should focus on innovative solutions to reduce ECE-specific barriers.

Identifying the Later-Generation Descendants of U.S. Immigrants: Issues Arising from Selective Ethnic Attrition

2018 ◽  
Vol 677 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Duncan ◽  
Stephen J. Trejo
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Integration ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The U.S

Evaluating the long-term socioeconomic integration of immigrants in the United States requires analyses of differences between foreign-born and U.S.-born residents, as well as analyses across generations of the U.S.-born. Regrettably, though, standard data sources used to study these populations provide very limited information pertaining to generation. As a result, research on the U.S.-born descendants of immigrants often relies on the use of subjective measures of racial/ethnic identification. Because ethnic attachments tend to fade across generations, these subjective measures might miss a significant portion of the later-generation descendants of immigrants. Moreover, if such “ethnic attrition” is selective on socioeconomic attainment, it can distort assessments of integration and generational progress. We discuss evidence that suggests that ethnic attrition is sizable and selective for the second- and third-generation populations of key Hispanic and Asian national-origin groups, and that correcting for the resulting biases is likely to raise the socioeconomic standing of the U.S.-born descendants of most Hispanic immigrants relative to their Asian counterparts.

Reduction of Campylobacter spp. by Commercial Antimicrobials Applied during the Processing of Broiler Chickens: A Review from the United States Perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1752-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
OMAR A. OYARZABAL
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Raw Poultry ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
The U.S

A reduction in Campylobacter spp. has been associated with use of commercial antimicrobial technologies during the processing of broiler chickens. This review is focused on commercial interventions that have received approval by both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture for use on raw poultry in the United States. Most of these interventions are currently applied prechill. The limited number of publications on the topic suggests that the application of antimicrobials in commercial settings results in Campylobacter reduction of 1 to 2 log CFU/ml of carcass rinse. However, postchill counts of 0.5 to 1 log CFU/ml of carcass rinse (approximately 4,000 CFU per carcass) are still common. Thus, antimicrobial interventions are not a complete solution for the control of Campylobacter on raw poultry. New postchill interventions are needed, as are (i) improvements in the methodology for detection and enumeration of Campylobacter, (ii) additional surveys on the contamination of processed poultry, and (iii) an understanding of possible resistance to antimicrobials by Campylobacter spp. Research addressing these topics will lead to better control of Campylobacter in commercial poultry carcasses.

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