Isolation and Study of Bacteriophages Specific Against Multidrug Resistant Salmonella spp. and Assessment of their Therapeutic Potential

Within the scope of the study, clinical non-typhoidal Salmonella were isolated in Armenia and Georgia and identified based on conventional microbiological methods and MALDI-TOF MS. These isolates were further analysed by serotyping (White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme) and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were defined. A total of 40 antibiotic resistance profiles were identified, of which 35 were characteristic of clinical strains. Out of a total of 345 isolates, 238 strains from Georgia, Armenia and Ireland were eventually selected for our study.Using the strains of this collection, 13 new bacteriophages were isolated, characterized by biological and genetic features. Based on the data obtained, phages were classified and the peculiarities of their life cycle were determined (virulent-lytic, moderate-lysogenic).Analysis of the sequencing results showed that only one of the 12 phages identified as temperate phage (vB_GEC_ TR), it belongs to the family Podoviridae, genus-Laderbergvirus. While the other 11 phages are virulent, they are related to well-known and characterized phages, which are used in various phage preparations. Analysis of their genomes did not show any lysogeny associated genes. Among the virulent phages, 6 are members of Myoviridae family (vB_GEC_B1, vB_GEC_B3, vB_GEC_MG, vB_GEC_BS, vB_GEC_NS7, vB_GEC_7A) and 5 of the Syphoviridae family (vB_GEC_N5, vB_GEC_N8, vB_GEC_M4, vB_GEC_M5, vB_GEC_Hi). In vitro tests revealed that the phages - vB_GEC_B1, vB_GEC_BS, vB_GEC_B3, vB_GEC_NS7, vB-GEC-N8 showed high activity (60% to 80%) against the examined strains. The phages have been shown to be more effective against clinical strains (≈90%) than against veterinary strains (≈70%). The strains susceptible to these phages were mainly S.typhimurium and S. Enteritidis serovars and are largely of clinical origin. Based on our research we can conclude that the application of phages as an additional tool for the treatment of MDR Salmonella infections seems to be plausible. Phages are natural and specific antibacterial agents, which can lyse bacteria.irrespective of their AMR status, whilst leaving the commensal microflora unharmed. This is one of the main advantages of phages in comparison to antibiotics. The phages tested in this study showed potential for application in phage therapy against MDR Salmonella infections.

Telemedicine and telehealth: an Italian and UK perspective

On January 30, 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the international outbreak of new coronavirus 2019-nCoV (Public Health Emergency of International Concern -PHEIC), as enshrined in the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005). The current pandemic has uncovered our vulnerability and fears turning our lives upside down. We have been forced to a more resourceful approach with a view to contain and limit potential damage. The current events have put significant strain on hospital organisations all over the world.

Prematurity and Language Developmental Outcomes in Preschool Age

Global progress in child survival and health cannot be achieved without addressing preterm birth, because every year an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm. Over 1 million children die each year due to complications of preterm birth. Complications highly associated with prematurity include acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunologic, central nervous system, as well as longer-term motor, cognitive, behavioral, social-emotional, health, growth and language problems. The aim of the study was assessment of language skills at school aged children born premature and identification of risk factors affecting language development outcomes. Case-control retrospective study was conducted in Child Developmental Center of M. Iashvili Children’s Central Hospital (Georgia, Tbilisi).We evaluate language skills in 72+3 months old children (n=134). Children were divided into study (n=80) and control (n=54) groups. Groups were homogenous based on child age, gender, maternal health, maternal education, household income, family structure. Statistical analysis was based on SPSS 20. The difference in language development assessment among the full-term and late preterm children shows low correlation and is not significant (Cramer’s V is 0,118; Pearson Chi-square data 0,098 (p>0,05). While the language assessment data in early and moderate preterm group compared to term infants show significant difference (Cramer’s V is 0,354, Pearson Chi-square data 0,004). Statistical analysis show medium correlation, value (p<0,05), which tell us, that language development is a significantly associated with gestational age. So, small gestational age is correlated with language development problems. Early detection of minimal delays and starting early intervention services can improve developmental outcomes of preterm children. High-quality and stable child care is important for all infants, but especially to those who may be at risk of prematurity.

Can Au/Ag/Fe nanoparticle composition restore blood cell counts in terms of DMH-induced colon adenocarcinoma?

Scientific interest in nanomedicine nowadays is constantly growing, and nanomaterials have found wide application in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. The most promising seem to be metal nanoparticles (NP). Some of them are actively studied in separate and there are favorable results considering their ability to normalize blood cell counts, but their co-work as a composite is still not well known. This opens a great perspective for studying NP as the blood homeostasis corrector, which could help in developing treatment schemes for many threatening diseases followed by the blood cell count disorders, especially malignant tumors. As colorectal cancer is third most commonly diagnosed, this study was focused on evaluation of blood cell counts changes in rats with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinoma in situ along with the assessment of Au/Ag/Fe NP composition corrective effect. Colon adenocarcinoma was induced by introducing N,N-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride during 30 weeks. After pathohistological verification of developing colon adenocarcinoma in situ in DMH-treated rats Au/Ag/Fe NP composition was administered during 3 weeks. Introducing NP to the DMH-injured rats lead to increasing RBC and HGB and decreasing pathologically high-leveled MCV, MCH and MCHC to normal references. Assessed NP composition normalized the neutrophils rate, LMR and gave us a PLT rate particularly the same, as in the control group animals. Taking into account the previously proven biosafety of gold, silver and iron NP on their own and as a result the predicted biosafety of their composition we can consider further amplification of preclinical study on this NP composition of high significance, as it might be possibly used as following therapy of non-metastatic forms of colon cancer.

Emotional Intelligence among the Health Care Providers Working in a Tertiary Level Hospital

Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to be aware of and control one's emotions and empathize with others. EI is essential for the well-being of a health care provider and their professional practice. A health care provider’s empathy is important in building a strong relationship with the patient which results in enhanced positive service outcomes. Emotional intelligence competence can be acquired through training and implementation in our own life. As every person is unique, he or she needs to learn concepts that will be suitable for him or her. The objective of the study is to assess the emotional intelligence among health care providers working in a tertiary level hospital and also to understand the association of emotional intelligence with demographic variables of work experience and age of health care providers working in a tertiary level hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was conducted in the Tertiary Level Hospital of Kathmandu District, Nepal to assess the emotional intelligence among health care providers. Through convenience non-probability sampling technique 100 health care providers were selected and to assess the status of emotional intelligence Standard Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) was used. Results of the study revealed that the highest forty per cent of the respondents have a low level of emotional intelligence and only thirty-two per cent of respondents have a high level of emotional intelligence. Lower in the level of EI among the health workers may be due to the lack of awareness on EI There was also significant association between the level of emotional intelligence with the respondent’s age (p= 0.003). which shows with the increasing age, individuals have different working exposures that improve in their maturity, which may support increasing the level of EI, and there is no significant association with respondent’s working experience.

ITALIAN LESSONS OF “CORONAECONOMICS” AND ASSESSING FOR ECONOMIC PRIORITIES OF GEORGIA USING INFORMATIONAL, PHYSICAL AND BIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS

According to our multivariate analysis, the following factors are noted as the main reasons for the critically highest incidence of coronavirus in Italy: 1) A moist and warm climate favorable to viruses; 2) The high intensity of the tourist flows in this wonderful country; 3) The temperamental psychology of this overly hospitable people; 4) The unique old architecture of many buildings, the care of which requires a lot of effort (the support of the international community is needed); 5) Crossroads of the most important world transport highways; 6) Relatively low prices for quality goods and services, which causes an influx of migrants. Using informational, physical and bio-psychological methods, including the “short circuit” factor in calculating economic competition confirmed our past researches, that the market should not prone to the so-called “the aggressive movement of excessively numerous ants,” which undoubtedly needs to be restrained by all the efforts of economic mechanisms, containment of inflation and monitoring against dumping prices of predatory criminal economic monopolies.

SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ANCIENT GEORGIA

The article provides an overview of the history of origin and development of sport and physical education throughout the centuries. It highlights the global factors that contributed to the origination of sport and physical education, including such issues, as: human beings’ ability to withstand harsh natural environment and obtain their livelihood; development of necessary skills related to creation and use of martial weapons, and military training in the Middle Ages, etc. The aforesaid circumstances created favorable conditions in the prehistoric time for the development and introduction of various mass games. Those games/competitions oftentimes were of ritualistic nature. Some irrefutable facts substantiating the emergence/existence of sport and physical education in various regions across the globe are presented in the article. Against this background, the significant part of it is devoted to the discussion of the circumstances related to the sport and physical education issues in the ancient and medieval Georgian reality. It has been noted that, when dealing with numerous enemies from various countries, throughout the centuries the Georgian nation had employed diverse physical training systems, ensuring revitalization and toughening up of the society, and thus safeguarding the country’s security against the enemy onslaught. The end-text of the article focuses on the medieval Georgia and the sport and physical education-related activities of those times.

WATER POLO TESTING

In the articleComplex approaches to testing water polo technical and special swimming training are presented. 12 and 13 year old athletes perform various topical exercises in the water, which is important for their successful competitive activities. The article presents integrated approaches to testing technical water polo and special swimming training. Athletes 12 and 13 years old perform various thematic exercises in the water, which is important for their successful competitive activity.

INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL CONDITIONS (ETHNIC, CLIMATIC, ETC.) OF GEORGIA ON THE SELECTION METHODOLOGY AND SPORTS ORIENTATION

Identification and selection of motor-gifted children and their correct sports orientation is the most important link in the system of training athletes of international class. the topic reveals the problem of differences in the physiological development of adolescents and their selection for sports.

MORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH USAGE OF BIOPLAST - DENT IN EXPERIMENT

The work represents experimental and morphological studies of regeneration of damaged areas of maxillo-facial bones. Time course of healing of induced defects in the low jaw bone filled with bioplast - dent and was studied in experimental rabbits. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 four rabbits from each group were killed and the defect investigated by X-ray and histological methods. We stained the micropreparations ith hematoxilineeosine. Bioplast - dent granulate exerted the best effect on bone repair. In experiments with bioplast - dent, bone regenerate replaced up to one half of the area of defect by day 28.