ЕНЕРГОСПОЖИВАННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ КОРПУСІВ УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ В УМОВАХ КАРАНТИННИХ ОБМЕЖЕНЬ УКРАЇНИ

Target. To analyze the features of energy consumption of the building of the educational building No. 17 of the National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" in the conditions of quarantine restrictions in the implementation of energy-saving heating schemes.Methodology. Dynamic energetic modeling of a university academic building created in the DesignBuilder software environment under normal and quarantine modes.Results. Recommendations for the implementation of energy-saving modes of heating the building of the academic building of the university during the period of distance learning when introducing quarantine restrictions in Ukraine.Scientific novelty. An integrated approach has been developed to an in-depth analysis of energy consumption under conditions of partial use of the premises of educational buildings during the quarantine period. It is substantiated that the use of premises with partial operation of the building requires additional unit costs for heating needs.Practical significance. Simulation dynamic modeling of the building's energy consumption for heating for various modes of operation and employment / use of premises of educational buildings during the quarantine period in Ukraine, the results of the study will allow to obtain a set of energy characteristics of the building as a whole and its individual rooms / zones for hourly changes in internal operating conditions and external climatic conditions. The use of the proposed scheme of operation of the heating system of the building of the educational building allows to reduce energy consumption during the heating period by 8,5% compared to energy consumption during normal operation, which is economically feasible in conditions of partial occupancy of the building during quarantine restrictions (during lockdown) and an unpredictable macroeconomic situation on the energy market, causing a trend towards an increase in prices for basic energy resources.

Energy use of buildings in relation to occupancy rates

This paper presents basic data of the energy demand for district heating and plug loads logged by a building management system of an energy-efficient academic building located in Lund, Sweden. The data refers to the years 2019 and 2020 when occupancy varied significantly due to the Corona pandemic. The data shows that the building energy demand adapts poorly to fluctuating occupancy rates. With a possible increase of smart working in the future, building codes should account for more fluctuating occupancy rates in the modelling of the energy demand of buildings.

Research of the energy efficiency of a combined air and water heating of a public building

Combined air and water heating schemes have been actively used recently for heating public and residential premises. They have certain advantages in countries with a warm climate, whereas in a temperate climate, their use may be unfeasible. The most effective regulation of the heating system in the building can be expected, if all the technology specifics are taken into account, in terms of both the purpose of the room and the methods of regulation. A system focused only on weather-based regulation falls short of meeting to energy-efficient control classes: a heat carrier with the same temperature is distributed among rooms with different requirements for temperature and humidity characteristics. The issues of ensuring the energy efficiency of the combined air and water heating system in public buildings for the temperate continental climate of Russia — the academic building (AB) and laboratory building (LB) of the Kazan State Energy University (KSEU) have been considered. Heating devices of the KSEU heating system have manual control valves installed in the premises, or radiator valves with thermostatic heads, but without room controllers, which does not meet the energy-efficient control classes. An experimental survey of the functioning of the heating system of the KSEU buildings during the 2019 – 2020 and 2020 – 2021 heating seasons was conducted. The optical pyrometry method was used to measure the temperature of the surfaces of windows, walls and elements of the heating system, as well as the temperature and humidity of the air in lecture rooms and corridors of the AB and LB of the KSEU. The parameters of heating devices and indoor air in rooms of various purposes were found compliant with the current sanitary and hygienic requirements. At the same time, the need to switch to a higher class of regulation has been revealed, since, under the current situation, the parameters of the indoor air depend on the outdoor temperature: in the abnormally warm winter of 2020, the indoor air temperature was at the edge of the maximum permissible value, while in the normal climate of winter of 2021, it was at the edge of the minimum permissible value.

Carbon Dioxide Footprint and Its Impacts: A Case of Academic Buildings

Carbon emissions have been considered a major reason behind climate change and global warming. Various studies report that rapid urbanization and the changing demands of 21st century life have resulted in higher carbon emissions. This study aims to examine the carbon footprints in an academic building to observe the carbon dioxide (CO2) levels at crucial landmarks and offices. A sensor-based automated system was designed and implemented for the collection of CO2 concentrations at selected locations. In the final stage, a CO2 footprint map was generated to highlight the vulnerable areas of CO2 in the academic building. It was concluded that offices have higher CO2 concentrations at both intervals (morning and afternoon), followed by the laboratory, corridors, and praying area. The CO2 concentration did not exceed 500 ppm at any location. Thus, all locations other than offices had normal CO2 concentration levels. Similarly, the humidity level was also satisfactory. The average humidity level was below 50%, which is below the permissible value of 65%. The recommended range for temperature values as per ASHRAE standards is 22.5 °C to 25.5 °C, except for prayer places. It was concluded that the selected academic institute is providing a good environment to the users of the building, but that may change once the academic institute becomes fully functional after COVID-19. This study assists the stakeholders in making guidelines and necessary actions to reduce CO2 concentration in academic buildings, as it is expected to rise once the human load increases in the next academic year. The suggested approach can be used in any other country and the results will vary based on the building type, building energy type, and building ventilation design.