Comparison Between Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Metals (Fe, Ag, Sn, Pt, Au, Pb) According to Their Atomic Number

The paper describes the X-ray attenuation in materials according to their atomic number, using six different materials from low atomic number to higher atomic number, Iron (Fe-26) as low atomic number, silver (Ag-47), tin (Sn-50), platinum (Pt-78), gold (Au-79) and lead (Pb-82) as high atomic number. Using the data were taken from the NIST Standard Reference Database 126. From the J. H. Hubbell and S. M. Seltzer work, a table of contents was used. Whereas The mass attenuation coefficient for the above six elements was taken and compared with each other.

Optimization of Plastic Scintillator for Detection of Gamma-Rays: Simulation and Experimental Study

Plastic scintillators are widely used in various radiation measurement applications, and the use of plastic scintillators for nuclear applications including decommissioning, such as gamma-ray detection and measurement, is an important concern. With regard to efficient and effective gamma-ray detection, the optimization for thickness of plastic scintillator is strongly needed. Here, we elucidate optimization of the thickness of high-performance plastic scintillator using high atomic number material. Moreover, the EJ-200 of commercial plastic scintillators with the same thickness was compared. Two computational simulation codes (MCNP, GEANT4) were used for thickness optimization and were compared with experimental results to verify data obtained by computational simulation. From the obtained results, it was confirmed that the difference in total counts was less than 10% in the thickness of the scintillator of 50 mm or more, which means optimized thickness for high efficiency gamma-ray detection such as radioactive 137Cs and 60CO. Finally, simulated results, along with experimental data, were discussed in this study. The results of this study can be used as basic data for optimizing the thickness of plastic scintillators using high atomic number elements for radiation detection and monitoring.

THE EFFICIENCY OF RADIATION SHIELDING MADE FROM MATERIALS WITH HIGH ATOMIC NUMBER AND LOW MASS DENSITY

The radiation shielding from γ-quanta of the existing transport containers (TC) for transportation of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is made of steel or steel plus Pb 25…30 cm thick and weighting ~ 60…80 t. The application of materials with high atomic number, dispersed (solids grinded to a powdery state) to the densities in the range 4 < ρ < 8 g/cm3, is investigated. Simulations based on the Monte Carlo method show that at the densities of dispersed depleted U larger than 5 g/cm3 and shielding thicknesses of more than 30 cm, the absorption of γ-quanta of SNF is greater than that of the shielding made of steel of the same thickness. The application of such materials, while the weight characteristics of the shields are not exceeded, provides radiation shielding for SNF with the high burnup rate and the smaller cooling time or larger amount of the transported SNF.

Seorang Wanita Mengalami Aspirasi Barium Dengan Komplikasi Pneumonia

Background. Barium aspiration is one of rare major complication of esophagography. Aspiration pneumonia occurs about 40% without clinical symptom and can cause 30% of dead. Case. A female 62 years old choked a mount of barium when swallowing barium liquid in esophagography procedure. There was ronkhi on lower left haemithorax and granuler pattern on left paracardial impressed the rest of barium in chest x-ray photo. Patient suffered symptom of infection in eight days evaluation with infiltrate and rest of barium from chest x-ray photo. Microbiology examination of bronchus lavage founded pathogen microbe Burcholderia Gladioli and Pseudomonas and containing 1,22 mg/L of barium. Discussion. Barium aspiration can occur in esophagography procedure in extreme age. Chest x-ray and Computed Tomography can be used as primer tool to diagnose and evaluate barium aspiration which imaging hiperdens pattern due to barium with high atomic number (56). Prognosis of aspiration barium can be affected by the quantity and density of barium liquid which is choked and comorbid factor in patient. Barium aspiration mixed with secrete of oropharing which containing colony of pathogen can cause penumonia as disease complication. There is still no guideline for barium aspiration management, but bronchoscopy is recommended by many clinician. Conclusion. Pneumonia occur when aspiration barium mixed with secrete oropharing which containing colony of pathogen. Chest x-ray and CT scan can be used as tool to diagnose barium aspiration. Bronchoscopy is recommended to diagnose and to manage barium aspiration. When pneumonia is suspicious, antibiotic with anaerob activity is recommended given.