Analysis of the foreign malign influence in Montenegro 2019-2021

For many years now, the Republic of Montenegro has been facing numerous threats of a hybrid nature that are aggressively attacking its national and state-building identity. The level and intensity of malicious activities has changed over the years, from assassination attempts to inciting (and violent) protests in the streets to influence the election process. This analysis will show how operations of influence, planned and conducted by various actors from Russia and Serbia, with the use of internal freedoms and vulnerabilities, have led to a strong polarization of society and the state.

Reversal of Regioselectivity in Reactions of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Eelectrophilic Olefins

Cyclopropanes bearing donor and acceptor groups at the opposite ends of the C-C bond should react with both nucleophiles and electrophiles. Their reactivity towards nucleophiles is well explored while only few specific electrophilic reagents give desired products.These methods are limited by the specific philicity of the carbon atoms resulting from the strong polarization of the central C-C bond. Herein, we report that vitamin B12 catalysis enables the transformation of initially electrophilic center into a nucleophilic radical that as such reacts with SOMOphiles. This radical-based strategy reverses the standard regioselectivity and thus complements the classical approaches.

Branched 2-amino-1,3-dicyanocyclopenta-1,3-diene

Reaction of 2-chloroisobutyrophenonewith two equivalents of malononitrile anion furnishes 2-amino-1,3-dicyano-5,5-dimethyl-4-phenylcyclopenta-1,3-diene. The cyclic compound represents the novel 2-amino-1,3-dicyanocyclopentadiene structure. The unique 1-cyano-2-amino-3-cyano arrangement in the cyclopentadiene brings about a strong polarization of the electronic configuration of the diene system that is conformed by two opposite dipolar halves. The polarized electronic configuration accounts for the extreme persistence manifested by the cyclopentadiene. The compound owns a vivid lemon-hued yellow color consequent to an unusually intense n ®p*absorption of a cyano group in the extensively conjugated compound. This is built up by consecutive one-pot reaction of two molecules of malononitrile carbanion and the ketonic substrate followed by a new tandem carbon-carbon cyclization with final elimination of cyanate ion.

Enhanced optical asymmetry in supramolecular chiroplasmonic assemblies with long-range order

Chiral assemblies of plasmonic nanoparticles are known for strong circular dichroism but not for high optical asymmetry, which is limited by the unfavorable combination of electrical and magnetic field components compounded by strong scattering. Here, we show that these limitations can be overcome by the long-range organization of nanoparticles in a manner similar to the liquid crystals and found in helical assemblies of gold nanorods with human islet amyloid polypeptides. A strong, polarization-dependent spectral shift and the reduced scattering of energy states with antiparallel orientation of dipoles activated in assembled helices increased optical asymmetry g-factors by a factor of more than 4600. The liquid crystal–like color variations and the nanorod-accelerated fibrillation enable drug screening in complex biological media. Improvement of long-range order can also provide structural guidance for the design of materials with high optical asymmetry.

Communicating Sustainable Tourism in English and Italian: A Contrastive Analysis

Sustainable tourism has become a popular field of research over the last decades; yet, while acknowledging that sustainable tourism requires communication strategies different from those of mainstream tourism, scholars have paid little attention to this area of language. Based on two parallel corpora, this study explores the discursive representation of sustainable tourism in web communication in English and in Italian. The methodological framework adopted is that of Corpus Assisted Discourse Studies. The analysis suggests that the Italian representation of sustainable tourism is characterized by a distant stance towards readers and relies on a strong polarization between ‘good’ tourism and ‘bad’ tourism. Communication in English instead relies on proximal person deixis and on the creation of value around responsible tourism by means of factual information rather than on mere evaluation.

Influence of Cable Temperature Rise on PDC Method Test Results of Water Tree Aged Cables

There is a certain temperature rise in the field running cable because of the load bearing. To study the influence of cable temperature rise on the polarization and depolarization current (PDC) method, 10kV XLPE short cables were accelerated aging three months by water needle electrode method, and the PDC method was used to test the new and aged cables under constant humidity. The polarization and depolarization current of the cable samples was analyzed, and the conductivity and low frequency dielectric loss spectra were obtained and inspected. The results show that: in the experiment selected test temperature, the change laws of conductivity of the new and aged cables are the same, and the conductivity gradually rose after a slight drop in 40 °C; in the dielectric loss spectrum, the polarization of the new sample is low and the polarization loss changes little with temperature, and the dielectric loss is mainly affected by the conductivity, so the test result is clearly divided into two regions. And water tree aged samples have strong polarization and are obviously affected by temperature, so their low frequency dielectric loss showed the trend of first rising and then decreasing and the maximum appeared at 60 °C.

Das politische System der Türkei unter dem Einfluss der AKP

Turkey has changed significantly since the AKP came to power in 2002. These changes affect the political system, political culture, the legal system, but also people's everyday lives. With this system transformation, a strong polarization of society can be observed. The question arises whether a more consensus-oriented, pluralistic system or a more authoritarian “majority democracy” has been created in the Republic of Turkey. When examining these questions, the author deals in particular with the parties, social groups, political culture and the causes, backgrounds and possible solutions to political and social conflicts.