Study and analysis of the morphology and composition of wear particle in the used engine oil of marine diesel engines

В статье представлены результаты исследования состава и морфологии частиц продуктов износа в работающем моторном масле судового двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Полученные данные базируется на результатах физико-химического и спектрального анализа работающего масла, идентификации дисперсного состава частиц загрязнения в нем и углубленном анализе элементного состава и формы продуктов износа пар трения судовых двигателей. Из представленных результатов следует, что основное количество частиц износа не превышает 3 мкм и представляет собой сложные сплавы, полученные в результате изнашивания трущихся сопряжений двигателя. Анализ формы частиц износа, выполненный с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа Lyra3 Tescan, показал что у более чем 90 % всех частиц величина Wr превышает значение 0,8. Показано на основе выполненного исследования, что спектральные методы анализа обеспечивают высокую достоверность трибомониторинга и трибодиагностики судовых дизелей. The article presents the results of a study of the composition and morphology of particles of wear products in used engine oil of a marine diesel engine. The obtained data are based on the results of physicochemical and spectral analysis of operating oil, identification of the dispersed composition of pollution particles in it, and in-depth analysis of the elemental composition and shape of wear products of friction pairs of ship engines. From results follow that the main amount of wear particles does not exceed 3 microns and they are complex alloys obtained as a result of engine wear of friction. The analysis of the shape of the wear particles, carried out using a Lyra3 Tescan scanning electron microscope, showed that more than 90% of all particles had a Wr value greater than 0.8. It is shown on the basis of the performed research that spectral methods of analysis provide high reliability of tribomonitoring and tribodiagnostics of marine diesel engines.

Experimental studies into the effect of air pressure on the atomization characteristics of coal-water slurries

The paper studies the effect of atomizing agent pressure on the spray characteristics after spraying coal-water slurry that contains small additives of liquid waste from the pyrolysis of industrial rubber goods and used engine oil. The conducted experiments used automobile tires as the indicated rubber products; spraying was carried out employing an internal mixing pneumatic atomizer. Following the atomization of considered fuels, droplet size changes were studied using the interferometric particle imaging (IPI) technique. The spray angle was determined by means of a Photron high-speed camera. In addition, coal-water slurry containing liquid waste from the pyrolysis of industrial rubber goods and used engine oil (3–12 wt%) was sprayed to study the effect of atomizing agent pressure on the spray characteristics. A decrease in air pressure was found to reduce the spray angle by less than 6%, which resulted in the formation of rather large droplets exceeding 600 µm in size. It is experimentally confirmed that more fine droplets are formed at similar fuel and air pressures when using a spraying device equipped with an internal mixing chamber for slurry and air. The number of droplets, in this case, is 2–9% higher as compared to a typical two-component coal-water slurry fuel, with the spray angle of the sprayed coal slurry having the greatest value. When using an atomizer having an internal mixing chamber for slurry and an atomizing agent, fuel droplet breakup occurs due to the aerodynamic drag forces of the environment. Thus, the use of such atomizers reduces the number of possible breakup mechanisms for sprayed fuel droplets.

Calcareous and Gypsum Soils Lead Removal Using Two-Steps Washing

The soil washing technique is considered one of the quick and effective techniques for treating soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, EDTA-Na2 and Oxalic were used as washing solutions to removing Pb from calcareous and gypsum soils contaminated with Pb only and with Pb in addition to the used engine oil. The soil samples were contaminated with different concentrations of Pb only using Pb(NO3)2 to soils sample for each concentration separately then the sample was divided into two equal parts. The first part represents the calcareous and gypsum soil samples contaminated with Pb. The second part was taken after air-dried, and then the used engine oil was added and homogenized well. Five parameters (pH, contact time, Pb concentrations, temperature, and liquid/solid ratio) were applied to test their effect on Pb removal. In general, the results of this study varied based on the effect of the variables.

Effect Of Agitated Chicken-Droppings for in Situ Bioremediation of Pahs in Spend Engine-Oil Contaminated Soil

The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The spills from spend engine oil posed serious problems to the land and aquatic habitats. Efficient methods but low-cost technique for remediating spends engine oil contaminated soil and restorations of soil fertility are being explored. In response to used engine oil pollution to the soil, the present investigation examined the comparative biodegradation level of spend engine oil contaminated soil using fermented chicken droppings. The soil sample was collected from the uncontaminated site 10 cm below ground level. The sandy/loam soil was sieved with 2.5 mm mesh. A 4 kg of the soil was weighed into each bucket and contaminated with spend engine oil, the soil was contaminated with 150 ml of the spend engine oil at a ratio of 1:27. A 27 kg of chicken droppings was mixed with 27 liters of water in a ratio of 1 kg: 1L. The mixture was left for 7days to ferment and increase the microbial load. The contaminated soil was irrigated using an experimental design that included uncontaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (positive control), contaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (negative control) and contaminated soil irrigated using fermented chicken droppings (test). Five hundred mL of the chicken droppings mixture was used to irrigate the soil for 21 days at an interval of 3 days per irrigation. Thereafter, the irrigated soil was screened with gas chromatography linked with mass spectroscopy. There was an observed change in contaminant concentration without fermented chicken droppings. The percentage of differences in the concentrations was recorded in × 10–5% with the presence of Naphthalene and Acenaphthylene with the percent difference of 2.0 × 10–5% and 5.0 × 10– 5%. Result revealed an appreciable decrease in PAHs level compared to the positive and negative control. The findings suggest the positive effect and rapid uptake of the contaminant in the application of fermented chicken droppings. J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 01-09, 2021 (June)