Analysis of wear particles in used marine engine oils

В данной статье предпринята удачная попытка комплексирования магнитооптического метода и метода фотонной корреляционной спектроскопии для регистрации ферромагнитных частиц продуктов износа дизельного двигателя и определения их дисперсных характеристик. Такой подход позволяет фиксировать низкое содержание магнитных наноразмерных частиц и их дисперсность в отработанном судовом моторном масле, является новым и решает актуальную задачу. Выполнены эксперименты по наблюдению продольного магнитооптического эффекта Фарадея в модельной магнитной жидкости и в отработанном моторном масле. Показано, что низкая концентрация магнитных частиц в отработанном масле не позволяет наблюдать в нем эффект вращения плоскости поляризации в магнитном поле. Для измерения крупных частиц износа, смытых с фильтрующего элемента масляного фильтра, использовались закономерности процесса осаждения частиц в растворе и регистрация поглощения света, изменяющегося со временем. Полученные результаты позволяют получать важную информацию о состоянии и неисправностях деталей и механизмов двигателя по содержанию частиц износа в отработанном масле. In this article, a successful attempt has been made to combine the magneto-optical method and the method of photon correlation spectroscopy to register ferromagnetic particles of diesel engine wear products and determine their disperse characteristics. This approach makes it possible to record a low content of magnetic nanosized particles and their dispersion in used marine engine oil, is new and solves an urgent problem. Experiments on observation of the longitudinal magneto-optical Faraday effect in a model magnetic fluid and in used engine oil have been carried out. It is shown that the low concentration of magnetic particles in the waste oil does not allow observing the effect of rotation of the plane of polarization in a magnetic field. To measure large wear particles washed away from the filter element of the oil filter, we used the regularities of the process of particle sedimentation in solution and the registration of light absorption that changes over time. The results obtained make it possible to obtain important information on the condition and malfunctions of engine parts and mechanisms by the content of wear particles in the used oil.

Study and analysis of the morphology and composition of wear particle in the used engine oil of marine diesel engines

В статье представлены результаты исследования состава и морфологии частиц продуктов износа в работающем моторном масле судового двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Полученные данные базируется на результатах физико-химического и спектрального анализа работающего масла, идентификации дисперсного состава частиц загрязнения в нем и углубленном анализе элементного состава и формы продуктов износа пар трения судовых двигателей. Из представленных результатов следует, что основное количество частиц износа не превышает 3 мкм и представляет собой сложные сплавы, полученные в результате изнашивания трущихся сопряжений двигателя. Анализ формы частиц износа, выполненный с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа Lyra3 Tescan, показал что у более чем 90 % всех частиц величина Wr превышает значение 0,8. Показано на основе выполненного исследования, что спектральные методы анализа обеспечивают высокую достоверность трибомониторинга и трибодиагностики судовых дизелей. The article presents the results of a study of the composition and morphology of particles of wear products in used engine oil of a marine diesel engine. The obtained data are based on the results of physicochemical and spectral analysis of operating oil, identification of the dispersed composition of pollution particles in it, and in-depth analysis of the elemental composition and shape of wear products of friction pairs of ship engines. From results follow that the main amount of wear particles does not exceed 3 microns and they are complex alloys obtained as a result of engine wear of friction. The analysis of the shape of the wear particles, carried out using a Lyra3 Tescan scanning electron microscope, showed that more than 90% of all particles had a Wr value greater than 0.8. It is shown on the basis of the performed research that spectral methods of analysis provide high reliability of tribomonitoring and tribodiagnostics of marine diesel engines.

Simulation of lubricating oil centrifugal separator performance index influence on marine diesel engine wear

Представлена методика подбора центробежного сепаратора для комбинированных систем тонкой очистки моторного масла в двигателях внутреннего сгорания. Предложен показатель (индекс производительности сепаратора), который характеризует интенсивность разделения гетерогенных систем центрифугированием. Показана зависимость скорости изнашивания основных деталей дизеля от качества используемых горюче-смазочных материалов и интенсивности очистки масла (индекса производительности сепаратора). Рассмотрены преимущества комбинированной системы очистки смазочного масла, включающие в себя центробежный сепаратор, обеспечивающий очистку масла от нерастворимых загрязнений мелкодисперсной фазы работающий совместно с саморегенерирующимся фильтром. Благодаря такому сочетанию обеспечивается минимальной изнашивание пар трения дизеля. Преимущество данного метода очистки также заключается в возможности обеспечения автономной работы механизмов смазочной системы при сохранении высокой эффективности очистки. С помощью экспериментального моделирования определено минимальное значение индекса производительности центробежного сепаратора, необходимое для стабилизации изнашивания деталей дизеля и достижения ресурсосберегающего маслоиспользования. Проиллюстрировано сравнение результатов моделирования с экспериментальными данными. Methods of centrifugal separator selection for lubricating oil combined purification systems of internal combustion engines are represented. Purification intensity parameter (performance index) for description of heterogeneous medium separation is offered. The relation between separation intensity (separator performance index) and engine wear is shown as well as its dependence on fuel and lubricating oil quality. Advantages of lubricating oil combined cleaning method by means of centrifugal purifier, used for insoluble particles removal together with the self-regenerating filter are represented. Due to their combination the minimum wear of diesel engine friction coupling can be achieved. Benefits of the method lie in autonomous operation of lubricating system for a long period of time together with high purification efficiency. Minimum value of separator performance index, required to stabilize engine parts wear and achieve resource-saving oil use has been determined by means of experimental design. Simulation results have been compared with experimental data and effect of comparison has been represented.

Assessment of the Impact of Applying a Non-Factory Dual-Fuel (Diesel/Natural Gas) Installation on the Traction Properties and Emissions of Selected Exhaust Components of a Road Semi-Trailer Truck Unit

Problems such as global warming and rising oil prices are driving the implementation of ideas to reduce liquid fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. One of them is the use of natural gas as an energy source. It is a hydrocarbon fuel with properties that allow the reduction of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) emissions during combustion. Solutions are being implemented that allow for the use of natural gas to means of transport, namely in trucks of various categories and intended use. These installations are used in new vehicles, but also in the form of conversion for used cars, usually several years old. The article presents the results of tests of an engine from a used semi-trailer truck with a mileage of approx. 800 thousand km, with the compressed natural gas supply system installed. This installation (hardware and software), depending on the engine operating conditions, enables the replacement of up to 80% of diesel (base fuel) with natural gas. The impact of changing the fuel supply method on the traction characteristics calculated with the use of external characteristics of both conventional and dual-fuel mode was assessed. The emissions of exhaust gas components were also determined under the conditions of the UNECE Regulation No. 49. The test results confirm that compared to conventional fueling, dual fueling allows for a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, even in a used vehicle with high mileage. The use of a non-factory installation did not significantly affect the traction properties of the vehicle, and engine wear is of greater importance in this case (comparison with factory data). The work is a valuable supplement to the results of the research in which the impact of the use of a non-factory CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) supply system on the performance of a semi-trailer truck unit equipped with such an installation was assessed compared to a semi-trailer truck unit powered in a classic way with diesel fuel.

Constructive possibilities of increasing the tightness and wear resistance of the cylinder-piston group of the internal combustion engine

The processes of wear of the tribocouplings of the cylinderpiston group (CPG) of the internal combustion engine are investigated. Design solutions are developed that increase the tightness and wear resistance of the CPG parts. Keywords: cylinder-piston group, internal combustion engine, wear, tightness, wear resistance, running-in. [email protected]

Quality Control on Minimizing Defect Product on 20 OE Yarn

Industrial businesses in Indonesia realize that consumer desires have changed over time. Consumers desire that becomes the main priority is quality. PT. Bitrate Industries, as a company that produces yarn in Semarang, always strives to improve product quality to the desires of consumers. The company faces quality control problems: the production process of 20 OE yarn, producing the highest defective products. The Six Sigma approach analyzes the causes of defects, identifies sources of variation, proposes improvements with 5W + 1H, and implements a quality control plan. Most defects occur in the production process in the autocross engine, which is caused by engine wear. Implementation of the kaizen approach can be given proposals in the form of improvements in maintenance, according to the existing scheduling and periodic replacement of parts. This study concludes that the proportion of defects is still in the controlled stage, but the quality control of the product is still needed. A quality improvement project with a Six Sigma approach can benefit any company that needs to find the most efficient way to improve product quality.

ECU calibration for gaseous dual fuel supply system in compression ignition engines

The dual fuel (DF) combustion mode is proven solution that allows to improve or get at the same level engine performance and reduce toxic compounds in exhaust gases which is confirmed by researchers and end-users. DF combustion mode uses two fuels gaseous fuel as a primary energy source and a pilot quantity of diesel fuel as ignition source. However, in order, to fully take advantage of the potential of the dual fuel mode, DF system must be proper calibrated. Despite the existence of commercial control systems for dual fuel engines on the market, the literature on the important parameters for the engine's operation introduced during calibration is scarce. This article briefly describes a concept of working algorithm and calibration strategy of a dual fuel electronic control unit (ECU) The purpose of calibration is to achieve the greatest possible use of an alternative gaseous fuel without causing accelerated engine wear.