scholarly journals Initial development of precipitation and onset of cloud electrification in thunderstorms at Pune

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
S. S. KANDALGAONKAR ◽  
M. I. R. TINMAKER ◽  
G. K. MANOHAR
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Surface Time ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
Cloud Development ◽  
The Relationship

Using one-minute interval data of electric field and the records of rainfall measured at the ground surface, time sequence in the initial registration of precipitation and the onset of cloud electrification was examined for a series of 14 thunderstorms of the year 1973 at Pune to study the relationship between the initial development of precipitation and intensification of cloud electrification. The combined result of the 14 storms studied, each of which yielded precipitation, indicated in-cloud development of precipitation at least 3-7 minutes in advance of onset of cloud electrification. It is inferred from the other supplementing studies published by other workers and from the above result that in most cases the precipitation development in thunderstorms is initiated well before the electric field begins to intensify. This result is in close agreement with the result of previous studies.

An evaluation of ECT sample height for small flute board grades and Box Manufacturer’s Certification compliance

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
CORY JAY WILSON ◽  
BENJAMIN FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sample Height ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corrugated Fiberboard

TAPPI test T811 is the specified method to ascertain ECT relative to box manufacturer’s certification compliance of corrugated fiberboard under Rule 41/ Alternate Item 222. T811 test sample heights were derived from typical board constructions at the time of the test method’s initial development. New, smaller flute sizes have since been developed, and the use of lighter weight boards has become more common. The T811 test method includes sample specifications for typical A-flute, B-flute, and C-flute singlewall (and doublewall and triplewall) structures, but not for newer thinner E-flute or F-flute structures. This research explores the relationship of ECT sample height to measured compressive load, in an effort to determine valid E-flute and F-flute ECT sample heights for use with the T811 method. Through this process, it identifies challenges present in our use of current ECT test methods as a measure of intrinsic compressive strength for smaller flute structures. The data does not support the use of TAPPI T 811 for ECT measurement for E and F flute structures, and demonstrates inconsistencies with current height specifi-cations for some lightweight B flute.

Analysis of Retention Time Degradation Caused by Electrostatic Potential Variation between Adjacent Bit-Line and Adjacent Contact Node in DRAM

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungil Mok ◽  
Byungki Kang ◽  
Daesun Kim ◽  
Hongsun Hwang ◽  
Sangjae Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electrostatic Potential ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Data Retention ◽  
Signal Line ◽  
Adjacent Node ◽  
Storage Node ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Node Voltage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Systematic retention failure related on the adjacent electrostatic potential is studied with sub 20nm DRAM. Unlike traditional retention failures which are caused by gate induced drain leakage or junction leakage, this failure is influenced by the combination of adjacent signal line and adjacent contact node voltage. As the critical dimension between adjacent active and the adjacent signal line and contact node is scaled down, the effect of electric field caused by adjacent node on storage node is increased gradually. In this paper, we will show that the relationship between the combination electric field of adjacent nodes and the data retention characteristics and we will demonstrate the mechanism based on the electrical analysis and 3D TCAD simulation simultaneously.

scholarly journals Modeling the Temperature Field in the Ground with an Installed Slinky-Coil Heat Exchanger

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4010
Author(s):  
Monika Gwadera ◽  
Krzysztof Kupiec
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Ground Surface Temperature ◽  
Coil Heat Exchanger ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Coil Heat

In order to find the temperature field in the ground with a heat exchanger, it is necessary to determine temperature responses of the ground caused by heat sources and the influence of the environment. To determine the latter, a new model of heat transfer in the ground under natural conditions was developed. The heat flux of the evaporation of moisture from the ground was described by the relationship taking into account the annual amount of rainfall. The analytical solution for the equations of this model is presented. Under the conditions for which the calculations were performed, the following data were obtained: the average ground surface temperature Tsm = 10.67 °C, the ground surface temperature amplitude As = 13.88 K, and the phase angle Ps = 0.202 rad. This method makes it possible to easily determine the undisturbed ground temperature at any depth and at any time. This solution was used to find the temperature field in the ground with an installed slinky-coil heat exchanger that consisted of 63 coils. The results of calculations according to the presented model were compared with the results of measurements from the literature. The 3D model for the ground with an installed heat exchanger enables the analysis of the influence of miscellaneous parameters of the process of extracting or supplying heat from/to the ground on its temperature field.

scholarly journals Innovative Correlation Coefficient Measurement with Fuzzy Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Berlin Wu ◽  
Chin Feng Hung
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Fuzzy Data ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Measurement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fuzzy Interval

Correlation coefficients are commonly found with crisp data. In this paper, we use Pearson’s correlation coefficient and propose a method for evaluating correlation coefficients for fuzzy interval data. Our empirical studies involve the relationship between mathematics achievement and other projects.

Research on Span of Manufacturing Task with Time-Sequence Constraint for Manufacturing Collaborative Alliances

2012 ◽  
Vol 201-202 ◽  
pp. 975-978
Author(s):  
Hong Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sequence Constraint ◽  
Manufacturing Resources ◽  
Production Period ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Task Span ◽  
Collaborative Alliances

For the manufacturing task of manufacturing collaborative alliances, the relationship between manufacturing task programming and manufacturing resources deployment is analyzed and the model for the span of manufacturing task with time sequence constraint is constructed. The problem of span programming of manufacturing task with time sequence constraint is analyzed by integrating qualitative and quantitative methods from production period for the manufacturing task. The mathematical formulations of influential factors and task span are constructed, and the optimal values of task span are obtained. By analyzing the results of quasi-quantitative study, some meaningful results that benefit to programming for collaborative manufacturing task are achieved.

LABORATORY FOOTING TEST ON PARTIALLY SATURATED SANDY SOIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Nyuin ◽  
M. J. Md Noor ◽  
Y. Ashaari ◽  
C. Petrus ◽  
A. Albar
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Matric Suction ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Test Tank ◽  
Partially Saturated ◽  
Saturated Condition ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Conventional analysis and design of shallow foundation are based on the assumption that the soil is under fully saturated condition. However, shallow foundations are typically constructed near the ground surface where the soil is under partially saturated condition. Therefore, more research to investigate the behaviour of shallow foundation in unsaturated soil is very essential in order to aid engineers in making good analysis and design. This paper presents a series of laboratory footing tests conducted on unsaturated sandy soil. A specially designed test tank was fabricated for the test. Square footings of two different sizes (100 mm x 100 mm and 150 mm x150 mm) were used and loaded on Rawang sand which has residual suction value of 10 kPa. The measured values of matric suction of the soil in the test tank were in the range of 0 to 30 kPa. Based on the results, it was observed that bearing capacities of shallow foundation under fully saturated condition were the lowest compared to soil under unsaturated conditions. The highest values were measured at matric suction equals to residual suction (i.e 10 kPa). Furthermore, the relationship between the bearing capacities of shallow foundation with the matric suction was observed to be non-linear.    

Experimental Research on the Relationship between Surface Polishing and Fracture Strength for Ground Ceramics

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
Xin Li Tian ◽  
Jian Quan Wang ◽  
Bao Guo Zhang ◽  
Peng Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Residual Tensile Stress ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Polishing ◽  
The Relationship

Fracture strength is one of the key mechanics performances for engineering ceramics products, greatly influenced by the microscopic topography and residual stress field of ground surface. In this work, several testing equipments, such as the metallurgical microscope, surface profiler and X ray residual stress tester were introduced to investigate the relationships between microscopic topography, surface roughness, residual stress and fracture strength of ground ceramics, after the surface grinding and mechanical polishing. The experimental results show that a smoother machined surface with low roughness and residual stress is obtained through polishing with absolute alcohol for 20 minutes; the fracture strength of Si3N4SiC and Al2O3 are increased by 6.64%8.18% and 6.58% respectively, comparing to the ceramics without polishing; the surface stress concentration and residual tensile stress of polished ceramics are both reduced after an appropriate time of polishing process, which causes a certain improvement of ground fracture strength.

scholarly journals The Effects of Landscape Elements on the Breeding Sites of Bloodsucking Midge

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2863
Author(s):  
Kaowen Grace Chang ◽  
Hungju Chien
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Potential Habitats ◽  
Landscape Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Forcipomyia taiwana, a bloodsucking midge that is one of the most irritating biting pests in Taiwan, has raised widespread public concern. However, we have little information about the extent to which landscape factors affect their potential habitats. As a result, landscape professionals do not have enough information to implement preventive strategies to control midges. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between landscaping and algae growth for larval breeding sites of Forcipomyia taiwana. The intent is to determine the environmental strategies that make the planned landscape unsuitable for midges to breed. GIS based on data collected from 16 constructed landscape sites (317,187 m2 in total) was utilized to spatially examine the relationship between the occurrence of the algae for midge breeding sites and the ground surface types and planting characteristics in each landscape. The results revealed that the potential midge habitats can be controlled through careful selection of the ground surface, the improvement of the site drainage, and choosing plants with the appropriate characteristics. Apart from choosing the appropriate type of paving surface, the integrity of the paving installation and the coverage of the ecological surface also influence prevention efficacy.

DIRECTIONAL DIFFUSION OF K ATOMS ON A GaAs(110) SURFACE

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (06) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOBUYUKI ISHIDA ◽  
AGUS SUBAGYO ◽  
KAZUHISA SUEOKA
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Negative Sample ◽  
Directional Diffusion ◽  
Sample Bias ◽  
Induced Dipole ◽  
High K ◽  
Scanning Area ◽  
The Relationship

We performed STM measurements on the K/GaAs (110) surface with high K coverage. The K atoms gradually disappeared while scanning the tip over the surface at negative sample bias voltage. The phenomenon strongly occurred over the scanning area and can be explained by the field-induced surface diffusion from the scanning area to radial direction. Considering the interaction between the dipole moment of the adsorbed K atoms and the electric field, we discuss the relationship between the static and induced dipole moment of K atoms on a GaAs (110) surface.

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