Formation of the Entrepreneurial Potential of Student Youth: A Factor of Work Experience

International norms regarding educational activity are aimed at forming entrepreneurial competencies in students. The motivational readiness of student youth to implement these entrepreneurial competencies in practice reflects the potential for entrepreneurship development. Despite the social group of student youths being considered belonging to the category of economically inactive population, students are traditionally engaged in social production. New changes in labor and consumption conditions of higher education services contribute to the growing trend in students who combine study and work. Considering this trend, we investigate the impact of students’ work experience on forming their entrepreneurial potential. The analytical component of this study is performed according to the materials obtained through a questionnaire, which covers 746 students. The findings prove that students who engage in employment before studying at university tended to combine university studies and employment in social production. Having such an employment experience increases students’ confidence regarding their entrepreneurial abilities and has a positive effect on students’ intentions to start their own businesses. Simultaneously, the lack of experience in management assistance does not constrain students’ intentions to start a business.

Causal Spousal Health Spillover Effects and Implications for Program Evaluation

Current methods of cost effectiveness analysis implicitly assume zero spillovers among social ties. This can underestimate the benefits of health interventions and misallocate resources toward interventions with lower comprehensive effects. We discuss the implications of social spillovers for program evaluation and document the first evidence of causal spillovers of health behaviors between spouses by leveraging experimental data from the Lung Health Study (smoking) and COMBINE Study (drinking). We find large decreases in spousal substance use from treatments with a therapy component, which reduces the incremental cost effectiveness ratios of some treatments by 12 to 18 percent. (JEL D61, H52, I12, I18, J12)