Association of Late Marriage and Low Childbirth with Cervical Cancer Screening among Korean Women: Results from a Nationwide Survey

This study aimed to identify the association of marriage and childbirth with the adherence to cervical cancer screening among young adult women. Data across four years (2017–2020) of the cross-sectional Korean National Cancer Screening Survey were used. For measuring the adherence to cervical cancer screening, we used the cervical cancer screening rate with recommendation, which was defined as the percentage of women in the population eligible for screening who have had a cervical cancer screening within the past two years. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the association between marriage and adherence to cervical cancer screening. Overall, 3925 women aged 20–39 years were analyzed. Of these, 39.1% were screened for cervical cancer (26.6% unmarried and 57.1% married women). The married women had significantly higher adherence to cervical cancer screening than unmarried women (adjusted odds ratio = 2.80, 95% CI: 2.99–3.44). Compared with unmarried women, adherence to cervical cancer screening was significantly more likely to increase (p for trend, <0.001) in married women with an increased number of births. Our study confirmed that marriage and childbirth influence adherence to cervical cancer screening, suggesting that unmarried women may be vulnerable to cervical cancer.

Factors Related to Checkup of National Cancer Screening Support Project Targets Supported by Public Health Centers

Objectives: The factors related to cancer screening examinations were analyzed to improve the utilization rate of the cancer screening system of the health center cancer screening support targets. Methods: The collected data were subjected to the chi-square test and multiple linear regression advancing method using the SPSS 23.0 statistical program. Results: 50% of all 100 respondents were examinees. In addition, 64% of people were aware of the health center cancer screening support system, and the cancer screening rate of the group recognized by broadcast, SMS, or phone was significantly higher. In the cancer screening rate for each cancer-related information-seeking pathway, TV information channels and neighbors were significantly lower, experts were significantly higher, and experts trusting groups were significantly higher. Cancer-related information-seeking groups considered experts such as doctors and pharmacists factors influencing the cancer screening of health center cancer screening support targets, age 65 or younger, groups recognized by broadcasting on cancer management programs, groups without jobs, and health center-SMS phone. The group that recognized the cancer screening support project was influential. Conclusions: Those eligible for cancer screening support at public health centers need close communication through education and promotion, including more direct contact with experts through public health centers.

What Messaging Best Promotes a 20-year-old Women’s Intention to have Cervical Cancer Screening?

Background: Because they have not been HPV-vaccinated, the vast majority of women in Japan are defenseless against HPV-caused cervical cancer. Cervical cancer screening has become their only means for intervention early enough to save their uterus and often, their lives. Unfortunately, the cervical cancer screening rate in Japan has dropped recently to 10.2% for 20-25-year-olds. We need to recommend earlier, more frequent, and more effective screening for them. We have assessed several factors that could promote the intention of Japanese women toward having cervical cancer screening. Method: We conducted an online survey of 412 Japanese women. Half of the respondents were given an information sheet concerning cervical cancer, the remaining half wasn’t. After this educational intervention, we quizzed them about their knowledge concerning cervical cancer, about their and their family’s cervical cancer screening practices, about having talks with their family about cervical cancer, and their intentions for having cervical cancer screening. Among the 127 women who admitted having had a sexual relationship, we evaluated their intention toward having cervical cancer screening. We assessed several factors that were likely to influence their intention to have cervical cancer screening. Results: We determined that an education with an information sheet, whether or not they had ever talked with their family about cervical cancer, and whether members of their family had ever had cervical cancer screening, were associated with an effective impact on the women's positive intention to have cervical cancer screening. Knowing that cervical cancer is becoming more common among young women, that cervical cancer could influence their fertility, and that cervical cancer screening could prevent any lesions from advancing to become invasive cancer, 3 were also associated with an effective impact on the women's positive intention. Conclusion: Personal educational intervention, talking with their family about cervical cancer, and the general health consciousness of their family, were all associated with an effective impact on the women's positive intentions toward cervical cancer screening. It is likely that the messaging for the need for cervical cancer screening for 20-year-olds targeting their innate desire to preserve their fertility would most effectively resonate with these young women.

Screening rate and influential factors of lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography in Asian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background There are currently no studies synthesizing the screening rate and influential factors of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT)-screened lung cancer in Asian population. Methods A systematic review was conducted, using both English and Chinese language databases on March, 2019. The pooled screening rate and estimated odds ratios (ORs) of influential factors were analyzed using random effects models. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also employed to explore the heterogeneity. Results The pooled LDCT lung cancer screening rate was 1.12% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94%, 1.32%), and increased with age. Adenocarcinoma and stage I lung cancer had higher screening rates. Analysis of influential factors in the general population showed that female and elder age (≥50 years) were significantly influencing LDCT lung cancer screening rate (for female, OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.15–1.52; for adults ≥ 50 years, OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.52–2.49). Meta-regression analysis indicated that the heterogeneity maybe significantly correlated with the sample size, risk population and source of population. Conclusions Unlike European and American populations, female and adults &gt; 50 years rather than smoking adults were positively associated with screening rate in Asian populations. It is important to further study the benefits of lung cancer screening with LDCT in Asian populations.