Side-Channel Analysis of the Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ Encryption Engine

The Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ (ZU+) is a powerful and flexible System-on- Chip (SoC) computing platform for next generation applications such as autonomous driving or industrial Internet-of-Things (IoT) based on 16 nm production technology. The devices are equipped with a secure boot mechanism in order to provide confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the configuration files that are loaded during power-up. This includes a dedicated encryption engine which features a protocol-based countermeasure against passive Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs) called key rolling. The mechanism ensures that the same key is used only for a certain number of data blocks that has to be defined by the user. However, a suitable choice for the key rolling parameter depends on the power leakage behavior of the chip and is not published by the manufacturer. To close this gap, this paper presents the first publicly known side-channel analysis of the ZU+ encryption unit. We conduct a black-box reverse engineering of the internal hardware architecture of the encryption engine using Electromagnetic (EM) measurements from a decoupling capacitor of the power supply. Then, we illustrate a sophisticated methodology that involves the first five rounds of an AES encryption to attack the 256-bit secret key. We apply the elaborated attack strategy using several new Deep Learning (DL)-based evaluation methods for cryptographic implementations. Even though we are unable to recover all bytes of the secret key, the experimental results still allow us to provide concrete recommendations for the key rolling parameter under realistic conditions. This eventually helps to configure the secure boot mechanism of the ZU+ and similar devices appropriately.

Effect of rolling parameters on forming quality of flat cross wedge rolling thread shafts

The flat cross wedge rolling is an advanced forming process, which is used to produce thread shafts. In this work, a finite element model of flat cross wedge rolling thread shafts was established by the DEFORM-3D, and the effect of the forming angle, spreading angle, helix angle and flank angle on forming quality are investigated. The research results show that the forming angle, spreading angle, helix angle have a significant influence on the position of the die wedge-in point. The angle designed wrongly makes the die wedge-in point unable to be aligned correctly, causing defects such as slipping in the process, repeated rolling of formed thread, thin or incomplete tooth shapes. The flank angle mainly makes an impact on the axial force. Reducing the right flank angle or increasing the left flank angle can effectively improve the imbalance of axial force to obtain high-quality thread shafts. Through the experiment of flat cross wedge rolling thread shafts, the data comparison demonstrates that the error of the external dimension of formed parts is small, proving the reliability of the rolling parameter selection.

A Study on the Relationship Between the Variation of Rolling Parameters and the Vibration Characteristics of Twenty-High Rolling Mill

As a common defect in the production of high-quality steel strip, chatter marks are easily found on the strip surface which may resulting from inappropriate variation of rolling parameters of a twenty-high rolling mill and the quality of the strip surface can be significantly affected. Therefore, it is critical to understand the underlying relationship between the vibration mechanisms of chatter marks and rolling parameters, furthermore, an appropriate adjustment strategy of rolling parameters is needed to improve the quality of the strip surface. To addressing this problem, a dynamic model of the twenty-high rolling mill, coupling the vertical and horizontal vibrations (because of the variation in friction tension forces), is proposed to investigate the vibration characteristics under different rolling conditions. Based on this dynamic model, effects of rolling force, rolling speed and fluctuations of tension on the vibration of the twenty-high rolling mill are studied. Finally, a rolling parameter adjustment strategy is discussed and presented based on the research results.

ANALISIS MAMPU BENTUK BAHAN BAKU SELONGSONG MUNISI Cu-Zn 70/30 SETELAH DEFORMASI PADA SUHU 500ºC = ANALYSIS FORMABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS CU - ZN MUNITIONS CASINGS 70/30 AFTER DEFORMATION AT TEMPERATURE 500ºC

casing because both processes have important role to derive raw material into the required form, dimensions and characteristics. Cu-Zn 70/30 alloy is raw material which normally used as munition casing however, its formability after deformation and heat treatment is not widely known. Therefore, this research has an objective to study the effect of deformation at warm temperature on cold formability by introducing thermomechanical controlled processed in warm rolling. Warm rolling have been conducted by double pass reversible method on 25% x 2, 30% x 2, and 35% x 2 at temperature 500oC. Evaluation of formability have been done by limited tensile test up to 20% elongation and full tensile test until rupture. The result of this research indicates that the best formability of Cu-Zn 70/30 is obtained on specimen which are deformed by warm rolling at actual degree of deformation 38.7%. Formability testing result for his specimen under designated warm rolling parameter has an elongation 10 % with strain hardening coefficient 0.00228, average normal anisotropy value 0.5452, and plannar anisotropy value Δr<1 is: -0.42. ABSTRAKDeformasi dan perlakuan panas selalu menyertai proses pembuatan selongsong peluru karena kedua proses tersebutlah yang mampu mengatur bahan baku menjadi bentuk dan dimensi yang diinginkan serta sesuai dengan karakteristik yang dikehendaki. Padaun Cu-Zn 70/30 adalah bahan baku yang digunakan untuk pembuatan selongsong peluru, namun mampu bentuk paduan ini akibat deformasi dan perlakuan panas belum banyak diketahui. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh deformasi yang dilakukan pada suhu hangat terhadap mampu bentuk dingin dengan metode thermomechanical controlled processed menggunakan teknologi canai hangat. Teknologi canai hangat dilakukan dengan metode double pass reversible sebanyak 25% x 2, 30% x 2, dan 35% x 2 pada suhu 500oC. Pengamatan mampu bentuk dilakukan dengan pengujian tarik hanya sampai perpanjangan 20% serta uji tarik sampai putus. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat mampu bentuk terbaik diperoleh pada benda uji yang dideformasi canai hangat di temperatur 500oC dengan derajat deformasi aktual sebesar 38.7%. Apabila dilihat dari sifat mampu bentuknya maka benda uji yang dideformasi canai hangat pada kondisi parameter penelitian ini memiliki nilai elongasi sebesar 10 % dengan nilai koefisien pengerasan regang yang tinggi sebesar 0.00228, nilai anisotropi normal rata-rata sebesar 0.5452, dan nilai anisotropi planar yaitu Δr<1 sebesar -0.42.

Modeling of the Coal-Fired Utility Boiler in a Thermal Power Plant Based on Macro Energy Balance

A modeling method of the coal-fired utility boiler for a 300MW thermal power plant based on energy balance is presented. Key work sections of the power plant are treated as lumped parameter systems and a first-order model with time delay is used to describe the dynamic characteristic of the entire system. As model validation, comparison between model simulations and the actual process data for the energy of the main steam and hot reheated steam is given. Basically, the model is found to be able to track the output power variations of the boiler under different operation conditions. Rolling parameter identification of the model may further improve the model accuracy.

The Graphical Solution of Transverse Asymmetry Parameter Relationship in the Rolling Stage

Ideally rolling parameter is symmetrical relative to rolling Hcenter lineH in the rolling process. When there is transverse asymmetry incentives disturbance, Hsymmetrical stateH will be destroyed. Some Hquality problemsH will happen. The paper study transverse asymmetry characteristic of force and deformation of rolling mill and mill bar, establish parameter relationship equation of transverse asymmetry characteristic of force and deformation, establish parameter relationship figure of transverse asymmetry characteristic of force and deformation. Using this figure, we get balance control model with a view to removing strip delivery wedge.

Effect of Rolling Speed on Instantaneous Temperature Distribution and Thermal Expansion of Work Roll in Hot Strip Rolling

In the unsteady state, work roll temperature distribution and thermal expansion have an enormous effect on the process of hot rolling. The rolling speed in the finish rolling as an important rolling parameter plays a crucial role of obtaining the optimum temperature distribution and thermal expansion. Using the finite element method, it solves the regularity of temperature distribution and thermal expansion with thermal-structural coupling analysis, which provide theoretic proof of optimizing gauge and profile control.

Effect of Idle Roll Bearing Friction on the Hot-Rolling Performance of Single-Roll Drive Mills

A study is made of the effects of idle roll drag torque on the hot-rolling performance of single-roll drive mills using two analytical models which consider the nonsymmetry of the deformation process. Predictions of roll load, torque, and exit stock curvature for a specified idle roll drag torque on a given mill setup are obtained by applying an iterative procedure of solution to a series of intermediate rolling parameter results presented in terms of the idle roll neutral point location and strip reduction. In general, it is found that the drag torque increases the stock curvature significantly, is essentially additive to the required drive torque, and decreases the roll load only slightly.