Hematological characterization of goldfish, Carassius auratus L., by image analysis: effects of thermal acclimation and heat shock

The morphological characteristics of erythrocyte populations from goldfish, Carassius auratus L., acclimated to constant (15, 25, or 35 °C) and diurnally cycling (25 ± 10 °C) temperature regimes or exposed to abrupt heat shock (15–25 °C, 25–35 °C) were examined by image analysis in an attempt to develop criteria for assessing the stage of development and red cell population age structure. Of the indices considered, nuclear form factor (4π area/perimeter2) appeared to best define the immature state. Estimates of juvenile cell abundances based on nuclear form factor ranged from 23.2 to 56.5% of the cell population and were generally consistent with the thermal histories of the test groups examined. Erythrocyte population characterization is recommended for inclusion in future studies on hematological features of response to altered environmental conditions.

The influence of the nuclear and atomic form factors on the muon bremsstrahlung cross section

The cross section for the muon bremsstrahlung process is calculated as a function of the nuclear form factor in the Born approximation following the Bethe and Heitler theory. The influence of the nuclear form factor is greater than that taken by Christy and Kusaka. The simple analytical expression for the effect of the screening of the atomic electrons is found. The influence of a decrease in the cross section upon the interpretation of some experimental results is estimated.