PENGARUH METODE DEMONSTRASI DAN METODE DRILL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DI SD CENDERAWASIH 2 JAKARTA

Pandemi Covid-19 telah mengubah semua bidang salah satunya dibidang pendidikan. Guru dan siswa dituntut untuk belajar dari rumah melalui pembelajaran online, hal ini berpengaruh pada rasa percaya diri dalam belajar. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya temuan penurunan hasil belajar matematika siswa dari hasil observasi awal penelitian. Sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan metode pembelajaran demonstrasi dan metode drill. SD Cenderawasih 2 Jakarta kelas IV semester genap tahun ajaran 2019-2020 sebagai tempat melakukan penelitian. Metode eksperimen digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh siswa kelas IV, kemudian dipilih sampel secara acak. Kelas eksperimen terdiri dari 30 sampel dan kelas kontrol sebanyak 30 siswa. Intrumen penelitian telah dilakukan uji validitas dengan rumus Point Biserial Correlation didapat 30 soal yang valid dan uji reliabilitas, sementara uji reliabilitas menggunakan KR-20 diperoleh hitung tabel r = 0,894  0,361 = r . Kedua data dilakukan uji lanjutan yaitu normalitas maupun uji homogenitas. Hasil uji normalitas pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh Lhitung =  161 = Ltabel 0,110 0, sementara kelas kontrol Lhitung =  161 = Ltabel 0,063 0, , sehingga kedua sampel dapat disimpulkan berdistribusi normal. Hasil perhitungan uji homogenitas dihasilkan Fhitung =  861 = Fkritis 1,095 1, , sehingga kedua kelas tersebut dapat disimpulkan mempunyai varians homogen. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan uji–t didapat hitung kritis t = 2,389  2,002 = t taraf signifikansi  = 0,05 serta derajat kebebasan (dk) = 58. Maka tolak H0, sehingga hasil penelitian mengambil kesimpulan bahwa ada pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika menggunakan metode demonstrasi dan metode drill.

CALCULATION OF DISCRIMINATIVITY AND VALIDITY FOR EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF THE PEDAGOGICAL TEST FROM THE COURSE OF MATHEMATICS ON THE TOPIC "RANKS "

The last twenty years the Department of Higher Mathematics and Applied Informatics of Samara State Technical University has been using tests on all chapters of the Mathematics course to control students' knowledge. To understand how objectively a particular test allows a given assessment, it is necessary to examine its quality. Many theories are devoted to this problem. This article will analyze test quality and test tasks based on classical test theory. The study consists of the following stages: compiling a control test; conducting it on a sample of students that meets all the requirements of statistical analysis; processing of this sample and calculation of basic characteristics; analysis of the resulting coefficients, which allows us to conclude whether the test under study can be used as a control of the level of knowledge of students and what changes need to be made in order to improve it. This article analyses some characteristics when examining the quality of the test on the topic "Series" of the course of mathematics, namely, discrimination and validity. To analyze the validity of the test, point biserial correlation coefficients were found - these are correlation coefficients of some task with the student's individual score. After that, the total validity coefficient was calculated. As the calculations showed, the total validity coefficient is 0.53. This is a fairly high indicator, which cannot be said about some point biserial correlation coefficients, namely, for tasks No. 2 and 9. Therefore, these tasks must either be modified or replaced by others. Analysis of the discrimination coefficients of test tasks showed that their values satisfy the requirements of experts.

Counselors' Adjective Correlates of Working Alliance

The authors present a study of 85 counselors' adjective descriptors of clients in relation to a working alliance. The imperative for such a study emerges from Gough's 1965 Conceptual Analysis of Test Scores approach to clinical measurement. For this investigation, all 300 items of the Adjective Check List were used. Working affiance was measured by the counselor's form of the Working Alliance Inventory-Short. Point biserial correlation of each adjective with inventory scores produced 54 significant adjectives. These 54 adjectives were 18 times the number expected by chance.

Does Honesty Require Time? Two Preregistered Direct Replications of Experiment 2 of Shalvi, Eldar, and Bereby-Meyer (2012)

Shalvi, Eldar, and Bereby-Meyer (2012) found across two studies ( N = 72 for each) that time pressure increased cheating. These findings suggest that dishonesty comes naturally, whereas honesty requires overcoming the initial tendency to cheat. Although the study’s results were statistically significant, a Bayesian reanalysis indicates that they had low evidential strength. In a direct replication attempt of Shalvi et al.’s Experiment 2, we found that time pressure did not increase cheating, N = 428, point biserial correlation ( rpb) = .05, Bayes factor (BF)01 = 16.06. One important deviation from the original procedure, however, was the use of mass testing. In a second direct replication with small groups of participants, we found that time pressure also did not increase cheating, N = 297, rpb = .03, BF01 = 9.59. These findings indicate that the original study may have overestimated the true effect of time pressure on cheating and the generality of the effect beyond the original context.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool-Arabic Version Among Iraqi Population

Background:Osteoporosis is a major public health problem as the majority of people are not aware of the disease until the complications occur.Objective:The aims of this study were to validate Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool (OKT-A) Arabic version and to assess the osteoporosis knowledge among Iraqi general population.Methods:A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the city of Baghdad with a random cluster sampling method from the community. Forward–backward-forward translation method was used to translate the OKT questionnaire from English into Arabic language. The psychometric assessment process includes: face validity, reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest), item difficulty index, point biserial correlation and discriminatory power.Results:The results showed good face validity. The Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient of the test re-test reliability were 0.775 and 0.412, respectively. Item difficulty index, point biserial correlation ranges and discriminatory power were 0.105 to 0.852, 0.105 to 0.445 and 0.933, respectively. These results demonstrated that OKT-A was a reliable and stable tool. The results showed low OKT-A scores 11.50±3.958. Furthermore, the OKT-A scores and its subscales were less than 50%. In addition, there were significant differences between the following independent variables in relation to total OKT-A scores: educational level, do you have osteoporosis or ever heard about osteoporosis. Moreover, there was a significant association between ever heard about osteoporosis groups and the OKT-A knowledge levels.Conclusion:This study showed good validity and reliability of OKT-A tool among Arabic general population. In addition, the results showed an urgent need for implementing an educational programme and should be a public health practice to increase the knowledge toward osteoporosis and its related risk factor.

Hubungan Nilai Carcinoembryonic Antigen dengan Kejadian Metastasis Karsinoma Kolorektal di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker which has been used worldwide as an indicator of recurrency after treatment and prognosis but not for preoperative diagnosis. This study was aimed to obtain the correlation between CEA level and the metastasis of colorectal cancer. This was an analytical correlational study. Population and samples were patients with colorectal cancer that fulfilled the inclusion criteria at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from January 2015 through December 2016. Data were analyzed with point-biserial correlation coefficient. There were 55 patients with colorectal cancer in this study. The incidence of colorectal cancer was higher in 2016 (37 patients). Most of them were males (63.3%), had colorectal cancer in the rectum (47.3%), and CEA level above normal (98.1%). As many as 36 patients with CEA level above normal had no metastasis. Of 18 patients with metastasis, the most were in liver, followed by lungs and bones. There were 9 patients with CEA level >1000 μg/dl; all had metastasis. The statistical analysis showed a rpb of 0.634 (P < 0.01). The mean level of CEA in patients with metastasis (541.82 μg) was much higher than of them without metastasis (60.19 μg). Conclusion: There was a strong and significant correlation between CEA level and metastasis.Keywords: colorectal cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), metastasisAbstrak: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) merupakan salah satu tumor marker yang sudah banyak digunakan secara luas. Saat ini pemeriksaan CEA diangggap berguna untuk indikator faktor rekurensi setelah diterapi dan prognostik, namun kemampuan diagnostik CEA preoperasi masih sangat kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara CEA dengan kejadian metastasis karsinoma kolorektal. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik korelatif. Populasi dan sampel ialah semua pasien karsinoma kolorektal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado mulai bulan Januari 2015 sampai Desember 2016. Analisis data menggunakan analisis koefisien korelasi point biserial. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 55 pasien karsinoma kolorektal dengan insiden terbanyak pada tahun 2016 (37 pasien). Terbanyak ditemukan ialah letak karsinoma kolerektal pada daerah rektum (47,3%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (63,3%), dan kadar CEA di atas normal (98,1%). Sebanyak 36 pasien dengan nilai CEA di atas normal tanpa metastasis dan 18 pasien dengan metastasis terbanyak di hati, kemudian paru, dan tulang. Terdapat 9 pasien dengan nilai CEA >1000 μg/dl; kesemuanya mengalami metastasis. Uji statistik mendapatkan rpb = 0,634 dengan P < 0,01. Nilai rerata CEA pada pasien dengan metastasis jauh lebih tinggi (541,82 μg) dibandingkan dengan nilai rerata pada pasien tanpa metastasis (60,19 μg). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan bermakna antara CEA dengan metastasis.Kata kunci: karsinoma kolorektal, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), metastasis

DIVERSIFICATION OF REASONING SCIENCE TEST ITEMS OF TIMSS GRADE 8 BASED ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIAN STUDENTS

The aim of this research was to assess the classification of science test items of TIMSS grade 8 based on higher order thinking skills (HOTS) and determine whether those classified-science test items can be an assessment tool in science class. Sixteen sample test items of HOTS were chosen from 37 reasoning items of TIMSS 1999, 2003, and 2011; which were 6 of analysing, 6 of evaluating, and 4 of creating. The selected items were tested to 410 ninth grade students in 14 public schools in Jember, Indonesia. Data were analysed by using point-biserial correlation to measure the index of discrimination and degree of difficulty at items of each level of HOTS test. The result revealed that the point-biserial index of discrimination for each item was higher than 0.25. The degree of difficulty of analysing, evaluating and creating test items exhibited a similar trend, which was in good range. Each test item has significant validity. Whilst reliability analysis showed that each test item was acceptable and indicating a high level of internal consistency. In conclusion, the classified science test items of TIMSS are good to use as assessment tools to measure HOTS of students in science class. Keywords: higher order thinking skills, point biserial correlation, science test items.