RELAÇÕES CÁLCIO:MAGNÉSIO E CARACTERÍSTICAS QUÍMICAS DO SOLO SOB CULTIVO DE SOJA E MILHO

Estudou-se as relações Ca:Mg no solo e o desenvolvimento da soja e milho. Conduziu-se em vasos com solo seis tratamentos variando a relação Ca:Mg no solo de 01:01, 02:01, 03:01, 04:01, 05:01 e 06:01 e cinco repetições, por meio da incubação do solo com calcário calcítico e dolomítico, na dose final de 8 ton ha-1. O solo foi incubado e amostrado aos 45, 90, 200 e 300 dias. Após os 90 dias de incubação semeou-se a soja a qual foi colhida no final do ciclo. Em sequência semeou-se o milho, o qual também foi colhido. As relações Ca:Mg mais altas no solo (≥04:01) durante o cultivo da soja afetaram positivamente a altura e a massa das plantas; já a produção final de grãos foi superior nas relações 02:01, 04:01 e 01:01, resultado da quantidade de vagens e da massa de mil grãos. No milho a massa da planta e a quantidade de grãos por espiga foram superiores nas relações ≥04:01 e a produção final foi inferior na relação 06:01. Conclui-se que a soja pode ser cultivada numa relação Ca:Mg mais ampla e no milho, relações entre 03:01 a 05:01, favorecem a estrutura vegetativa da planta e produção. Palavras-chave: calagem; incubação; nutrição; calcário. Calcium:magnesium ratio and chemical characteristics of soil under crop of soy and corn ABSTRACT: Soil Ca:Mg ratios and soybean and corn development were studied. Six treatments were conducted in pots with soil, varying the Ca:Mg ratio in the soil from 01:01, 02:01, 03:01, 04:01, 05:01 and 06:01 and five repetitions, by incubating the soil with calcitic and dolomitic limestone, in the final rate of 8 ton ha-1. The soil was incubated and sampled at 45, 90, 200 and 300 days. After 90 days of incubation, soy was sown, which was harvested at the end of the cycle. In sequence, corn was sown, which was also harvested. The highest Ca:Mg ratios in the soil (≥04:01) during soybean cultivation positively affected plant height and mass; the final grain production was higher in the 02:01, 04:01 and 01:01 ratios, the result of the quantity of pods and the mass of a thousand grains. In corn, the plant mass and the amount of grains per ear were higher in the ratio ≥04:01 and the final production was lower in the ratio 06:01. It is concluded that soybeans can be grown in a wider Ca:Mg ratio and in corn, ratios between 03:01 to 05:01, favor the vegetative structure of the plant and production. Keywords: liming; incubation; nutrition; limestone.

Morphological diversity of phytolith structures in six species of Carex L. and Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae Juss.) from West Bengal, India

Majumder S, Mallick T, Ghosh A. 2020. Morphological diversity of phytolith structures in six species of Carex L. and Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae Juss.) from West Bengal, India. Biodiversitas 21: 3471-3486. Cyperaceae is a taxonomically challenging group due to its cosmopolitan distribution, similar vegetative structure, and reduced reproductive morphology. The present study focused on the characterization and description of phytolith morphotypes based on shape, structure, and ornamentation. Six species of Carex L. and Cyperus L. (three species each) were considered for the present study. From the investigation, we found 56 phytolith morphotypes, among which the principle ones were conical, elongate bulbous margin, lanceolate psilate, tabular concave with verrucate, tabular concave columellate, ovate granulate, and orbicular concave. The conical morphotype was most commonly found. The elongate bulbous margin, lanceolate psilate, and tabular concave with verrucate phytolith morphotypes were specific to the genus Carex, while the tabular concave columellate, ovate granulate and orbicular concave were only found in Cyperus spp. Further, the detailed study of conical morphotypes revealed a distinctive character among the studied genera. Our study concludes that conical, elongate bulbous margin, lanceolate psilate, tabular concave with verrucate, tabular concave columellate, ovate granulate, and orbicular concave morphotypes are constant at the genus level and may play a role in taxonomic identification in the family Cyperaceae.

Vegetative structure, floristic composition and natural regeneration of a species in Ylat Forest, Meket Woreda, Northeastern Ethiopia

Tegegne S, Workineh B. 2017. Vegetative structure, floristic composition and natural regeneration of a species in Ylat Forest in Meket Woreda, Northeastern Ethiopia. Asian J For 1: 40-53. The natural forest of Ylat in Meket Woreda, Northeastern Ethiopia was examined to decide the vegetative structure, floristic formation and natural regeneration of woodland species and to supply data on sustainable administration of the woody plants in specific and the woodland founts in common. Systematic sampling design was used in this study to gather vegetation information. For each of the sampling sites, five transect lines having fiftyfour primary plots with 400 m2 (20m × 20m) each were laid out to gather the information on woody species along 200m line transects. A total of 60 vascular plant species having a place to 41 families and 56 genera were identified of which 13 (21.67%) were trees, 31 (51.67%) bushes, 6 (10%) climbers and 10 species (16.66) of herbs. Of all the families, Lamiaceae (8.33%) and Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae and Euphorbiaceae 3 species (5%) were the most overwhelming woody plant species and followed by Sapindaceae, Aloaceae, Ranunclaceae, Poaceae, Oleaceae, Polygonaceae and Cucurbitaceae contains 2 species each (3.33%). A total of 2652 woody plant species individuals (1227.77 individual/ha) were found of which 405 individuals were Myrsine africana and 19 individuals were Millettia ferruginea and 20 individuals were Dombeya torrida. This data showed the highest and the lowest number of woody plant species. The thickness of woody species with DBH ≥ 2.5cm was 1227.77 individual/ha, basal zone was 1 m2 /ha, frequency of woody species was 258. The overall Shannon diversity and evenness of woody species was 2.94 and 0.84 respectively, demonstrating that the diversity and evenness of woody species within the timberland is moderately high. The woody plant species having the highest importance value index (IVI) were Erica arborea (36.31) followed by Allophylus abyssinicus (28.65) whereas Hagenia abyssinica, Myrica salicifolia, Euphorbia tirucalli, Calpurnia aurea were the lowest IVI and should be given conservation priority. Finally, this study showed that the population structure of the most woody plant species in Ylat Timberland was in a great state of regeneration recruitment level.

Sylviculture et revitalisation des habitats des Tétraonidés dans le canton de Neuchâtel (Suisse) | Silviculture and revitalisation of the Tetrao habitats in Canton Neuchâtel (Switzerland)

Since initial awareness at the end of the 1980s of the contribution that differentiated silviculture can make to the survival of the capercaille and hazel grouse, a steadily growing collaborative approach has developed between grouse specialists, forest owners and silvicultural professionals. The article presents the experimental approach underway in Canton Neuchâtel with the aim of promoting the revitalisation of the habitat of these bird species. Founded on the setting up of networks of the regions' populations the forestry measures aim at the creation of a structured «patchwork» environment; each essential vegetative structure of the habitat of each species constitutes a particular part of the whole.