Strategi Komodifikasi Budaya dalam Ritual Yaa Qowiyyu pada Masyarakat Jatinom, Klaten

Yaa Qowiyyu sebagai ritual agama tidak lagi bermuatan nilai agama namun juga sarat akan nilai ekonomi-politik. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana nilai ekonomi beroperasi di dalam ritual Yaa Qowiyyu dan bagaimana strategi para agensi dalam mempromosikan Yaa Qowiyyu sehingga mendatangkan nilai ekonomi. Dalam artikel ini, data primer dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi sementara data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dengan membaca literatur yang sesuai dengan topik penelitian. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dikategorisasikan dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan perspektif ekonomi-politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan ritual Yaa Qowiyyu yang berdasarkan pada kebijakan pariwisata berimplikasi luas pada proses komodifikasi budaya. Komodifikasi budaya dalam ritual Yaa Qowiyyu merupakan secondary activity yang mampu menjadi penggerak perekonomian masyarakat.

Occurrence of anti Sarcocystis spp., anti Toxoplasma gondii, and anti Neospora spp. antibodies in equines from western Santa Catarina, Brazil

Equine raising is generally articulated as a secondary activity on farms, where animals are used for leisure or work. Thus, it is important to consider the health of these animals, seeking to understand which are the main agents that circulate in a given farm or region. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of IgG anti-Sarcocystis spp., anti-Toxoplasma gondii, and anti-Neospora spp. antibodies in equines in western Santa Catarina, Brazil. A total of 100 serum samples from horses from 10 farms, located in the municipalities of Faxinal dos Guedes, Xaxim, and Xanxerê were analyzed from June to December 2019. The samples were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIFR) to detect antibodies of IgG class against the three agents. The results showed that the equines in the region are seropositive against the three studied agents, 11% of which for Sarcocystis spp. 21% for T. gondii, and 20% for Neospora spp. The analysis of the presence of these protozoa in different environments showed that both stabled and extensively raised horses presented signs of contact with the studied agents. Animals that live only in stables had a higher occurrence of IgG anti-Sarcocystis (7/32; 21.88%) and anti-T. gondii (11/32; 34.38%) antibodies. The evaluating of animals raised on pasture, semi-extensively and extensively, showed a higher percentage of seropositivity for N. caninum (9/34; 26.47%). The high occurrence of animals seropositive to the studied protozoa reinforces the importance of controlling and preventing these agents in the region, as they have the potential to cause a high impact on equid farming, mainly involving reproductive losses and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM).

Towards Automated Digital Preservation through Preservation Action Registries

Since the 1960s, digital preservation has transformed from a secondary activity at a select few cultural heritage organizations to a vital international effort with its own best practices, standards, and community. This keynote presentation and paper presents an overview of the changing scope of digital preservation, issues, and strategies for digital preservation in the cultural heritage community.

English EU terminology in Serbian

The process of aligning Serbian legislation with the legislation of the EU has stimulated the creation of a large body of specialized lexis and the modernization of the existing lexicon. In this paper, I discuss the linguistic mechanisms of contact-induced secondary term creation processes in the Serbian language within the scope of EU legislation and activities under the influence of English. Regarding the standardization of EU legislation terminology, Peruzzo (2012: 177) explores the need for the uniformity of terminology within every language in the EU. Namely, every language should be allowed ‘normative flexibility’ in adopting EU legislative provisions, but should also guarantee the maximum degree of uniform interpretation and the terms used should be clear, simple and precise. This means that in every EU language, consistent use of uniform terminology is of vital importance not only within a single text, but also across different texts related to the same issue. Fischer (2010: 28) observes two steps in the creation of terms in the EU: (1) terms are created in the dominating languages, predominantly in the procedural languages of English, French and German, and (2) they are translated into all other languages. She concludes that in most languages terms are created on the basis of a source term by translation, and that the creation of EU terminology can be described as a process in which (1) multilingual primary term-creation for the dominant languages is followed by (2) a secondary activity, intra-conceptual term-transfer for most other languages.

The professional backgrounds of translation scholars. Report on a survey

A survey of 305 translation scholars shows that some 96 percent of them have translated or interpreted “on a regular basis,” with translation/interpreting being or having been a main or secondary activity for 43 percent of the scholars. Translation scholars would also seem to be particularly mobile (71 percent have spent more than one year in a country other than their own) and come from diverse academic and professional backgrounds (33 percent were not engaged in translation and interpreting in their mid-twenties). These figures indicate that translation scholars not only have considerable practical experience of translation but also come from a wide range of occupational and cultural backgrounds. Asked about desirable relations between scholarly work and professional practice, respondents indicated benefits for both sides (although a slight majority stressed a unidirectional relationship where scholarly work benefits from professional practice), and teaching is often indicated as the link between the two. However, about a quarter of the scholars indicated that there need not be a relationship between scholarship and professional practice.