Socioeconomic Aspects and Characteristics of Artisanal Fishing in the Marchica Lagoon (Mediterranean, Morocco)

Marchica lagoon offers very favourable conditions for practice of artisanal fishing which is the main socioeconomic activity carried out in this coastal ecosystem. However, artisanal fishing there suffers from a lack of control and management due to the absence of a data collection system on the various biological and socioeconomic aspects of this fishery. Thus, it considers serious threaten their sustainability. The main purpose of the paper to give a comprehensive account of artisanal fishing and its socioeconomic aspects in the Marchica lagoon, through a survey carried out at five sites around the lagoon. It has been found that there a low level of education among fishermen. The fishermen practiced two gears, pound net and trammel net. The economical analysis showed that the total annual gross product per boat is about 15766,80 USD, which gives an average monthly income of about 1148, 10USD par boat. Therefore, the wealth produced by these fisheries have a real impact on the quality of the fishermen live. Hence, ensure sustainable development of this fishery.

Hosting Major International Sports Events in a Country: A Socioeconomic Impact

This research focuses on the impact of sponsoring major sports events concerned with the socioeconomic aspects of Qatar. Context is the hosting of FIFA 2022 in Qatar. A questionnaire has been developed based on the underpinning theory, which included seven dimensions of measuring socioeconomic impact that covered Micro, Meso, Macroeconomic, Employment, Quality of Life, Social Cohesion and Environmental aspects. Questionnaire survey was conducted for a sample size of 126, which included the managers from tourism industry and sponsoring of sports events. The research methodology involved descriptive statistics calculations using MS Excel and SPSS. The response score was collected on a 5-point Likert scale for quantitative measures and the Mean, Standard Deviation, Kurtosis, Skewness and Frequency Distributions were computed for seven dimensions. The responses were later categorized into degrees of agreement with a priori scale to understand the relative impact of sponsoring sports events concerned with socioeconomic aspects. The results have indicated that, the highest impact would be on the creation of Environmental Consciousness among the citizens of Qatar followed by the impact on the Micro, Meso and Macroeconomic aspects of the country. These revelations have led providing suggestions to policy makers, which would be useful particularly in the present situation where Qatar is planning for FIFA 2022.

Introduction to RNAi in plant production and protection.

This chapter focuses on the various applications of RNAi in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, the biosafety of these applications, and the socioeconomic aspects of these potential applications.

Ecotourisme et aires protégées: L’histoire, un potentiel latent pour le complexe OKM (Togo, Afrique)

In Mexico, there are 194 archaeological zones open to the public under the custody of the National Institute for Anthropology and History. However, there are also many other sites that operate outside the federal management model and the current legal framework. These are called “limbos” here and are clas‑ sified by who administers them and the land ownership regime. Through the review of three cases spread over Mexico, a first approximation of their key problems and shared dynamics is offered that factors in legal, bureaucratic and socioeconomic aspects that underlie the unauthorized use of archaeological heritage. It is concluded that they are “in limbo “mainly due to ambiguities in the legislation and loopholes that have been exploited by stakeholders to allow them to use of these ruins as a tourist attraction.

CORONOMICS AND SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE ENERGY SECTOR

The worldwide pandemics of COVID-19 has influenced all sectors of the economy. Energy sector as one of the branches of the economy has been affected as well. Suspension of a number of enterprises and institutions, switching staff to the remote working mode and other restrictions for the purpose of preventing risks stemming from the pandemics reduces overall energy consumption. On the other hand, staying at home significantly increases household energy consumption. However, the reduction of the energy consumption due to the stop/less active operation of the enterprises and institutions usually exceeds the amount of increased household consumption. Subsequently, amount of the energy to be distributed is reduced. Another important factor is the price of energy. Energy price in Georgia is mainly determined according to the exchange rate of the national currency in relation to US Dollar. Pandemics and decrease of economic activities have caused dramatic drop of Georgian Lari rate. This has increased price of both – imported energy (electricity and natural gas) and electricity to be purchased from the local hydro power plants on the basis of the power purchase agreements so called PPAs (where the purchase price of the electricity is indicated in US Cents). During the pandemics the solvency of enterprises/organizations and the population is also quite important. Restrictions related to pandemics have reduced revenues of business sector as well as of the population. Many enterprises and institutions (e.g. hotels, restaurants, cafes, beauty parlors etc.) have completely stopped. Hereby, a lot of employees have lost their jobs and the income or the remuneration for some people has decreased due to pandemics. Therefore, many subscribers have faced problem of paying bills and applied companies as well as the regulatory commission and the State with request to defer their debts. Envisaging social background, the decision of the Government of Georgia to subsidize utility services of the natural persons definitely bears quite progressive character. The Government of Georgia has spent more than 170 million GEL within 3 months for those subscribers whose monthly electricity consumption doesn’t exceed 200 kW and natural gas consumption doesn’t exceed 200 cubic meters. For such consumers the Government has also subsidized water and cleaning service fees. This article analysis abovementioned and other socioeconomic aspects of the energy sector that have become relevant due to COVID-19.