How Does Knowledge Coupling Affect Firm’s Incremental Innovation? The Moderating Effects of Government Support Policies

Acquiring and combining different knowledge elements across organizational boundaries has become an important strategy for firms’ innovation outcomes. Based on the theory of resource orchestration, this paper divides knowledge coupling into two dimensions: complementary knowledge coupling and substitutable knowledge coupling. Then, this study aims to explore the different impacts of knowledge coupling types on firm’s incremental innovation and verify the moderating role of government support policies in this relationship. Based on the survey of 279 high-tech enterprises from China, our analysis results indicate the following. (1) Complementary knowledge coupling has an inverted U-shaped impact on firm’s incremental innovation, while substitutable knowledge coupling has a positive influence on incremental innovation. (2) The fitness between government support policies and knowledge coupling types can promote the result of firm’s incremental innovation: when firms adopt complementary knowledge coupling strategies, finance and taxation support policies are more conducive to firm’s incremental innovation; when enterprises use substitutable knowledge coupling strategies, innovative environment support policies are better for the promotion of firm’s incremental innovation. The research results provide a theoretical basis for firms to select appropriate government support strategies to exert the effects of innovation based on characteristics of internal and external knowledge resources.

The Impact of Wave Model Source Terms and Coupling Strategies to Rapidly Developing Waves across the North-West European Shelf during Extreme Events

Prediction of severe natural hazards requires accurate forecasting systems. Recently, there has been a tendency towards more integrated solutions, where different components of the Earth system are coupled to explicitly represent the physical feedbacks between them. This study focuses on rapidly developing waves under extratropical storms to understand the impact of different wave source term parameterisations in the WAVEWATCH III (WWIII) model (ST4 and ST6) and coupling strategies (surface roughness closure versus surface stress closure) on the accuracy of the Met Office regional atmosphere-ocean-wave coupled research system for the north-west (NW) European shelf (UKC4). Results of a study focused on simulations during winter 2013/14 demonstrate that ST6 allows for a faster wave growth than the ST4 parameterisation but might degrade low to mid energy wave states. The difference between ST6 and ST4 in wave growth is larger for higher wind speeds and short fetches. The experiment with ST4 and roughness closure consistently under-predicts the wave growth in those locations where fetch dependence is an important factor (i.e., seas at the East (E) of Ireland and the UK for storms coming from the NW-WNW). The implementation in the wave model of ST6 physics with the stress closure coupling strategy appears to improve growth of young wind-seas, reducing bias in those locations where the storms are underestimated. The slower wave growth when using surface roughness closure seems to be related to an underestimation of the momentum transfer computed by the wave model when coupling the wind speeds. For very young to young wind seas, this can be overcome when the surface stress is computed by the atmospheric model and directly passed to the ocean.

Evaluating Spatial Interdependencies of Sector Coupling Using Spatiotemporal Modelling

In light of global warming and the energy turn, sector coupling has gained increasing interest in recent years, from both the scientific community and politics. In the following article it is hypothesized that efficient multifaceted sector coupling solutions depend on detailed spatial and temporal characteristics of energy demand and supply. Hence, spatiotemporal modelling is used as a methodology of integrated spatial and energy planning, in order to determine favourable sector coupling strategies at the local level. A case study evaluation was carried out for both central and decentral renewable energy sources. Considering the high temporal resolutions of energy demand and supply, the results revealed a feasible operation of a district heating network in the central areas of the case study municipalities. Additionally, building integrated solar energy technologies are capable of providing large amount of excess energy that could serve other demand sectors, such as the mobility sector, or could be used for Power-to-X solutions. It is suggested that sector coupling strategies require spatial considerations and high temporal comparisons, in order to be reasonably integrated in spatial and urban planning.

Surface and Groundwater Interactions: A Review of Coupling Strategies in Detailed Domain Models

In groundwater numerical simulations, the interactions between surface and groundwater have received great attention due to difficulties related to their validation and calibration due to the dynamic exchange occurring at the soil–water interface. The interaction is complex at small scales. However, at larger scales, the interaction is even more complicated, and has never been fully addressed. A clear understanding of the coupling strategies between the surface and groundwater is essential in order to develop numerical models for successful simulations. In the present review, two of the most commonly used coupling strategies in detailed domain models—namely, fully-coupled and loosely-coupled techniques—are reviewed and compared. The advantages and limitations of each modelling scheme are discussed. This review highlights the strategies to be considered in the development of groundwater flow models that are representative of real-world conditions between surface and groundwater interactions at regional scales.

Recent advances in the functionalization of polyfluoro(aza)aromatics via C–C coupling strategies

This review highlights the recent advances in the functionalization of polyfluoro(aza)aromatics via both transition metal-catalyzed and metal-free C–C coupling reactions for the period from 2006 to the beginning of 2021.