scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND AND THE METHODS OF ITS CORRECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Nikolay Sturov ◽  
Sergey Popov ◽  
Alina Kostenko ◽  
Grigory Roitberg
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Contemporary View ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor

Gut microbiota is considered as a pathogenetic factor of various diseases nowadays. The patients with autoimmune diseases are known to suffer from dysbiosis. There are studies in the modern literature that demonstrate changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in case of thyroid dysfunction. This review examines a contemporary view of the gut microbiota, its role in the development of autoimmune diseases. We investigated the interaction between the thyroid gland and the gut microbiota, its species composition in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Possible methods of correction, including the use of pre- and probiotics and transplantation of fecal microbiota have been demonstrated.

THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
O. D. Dygun ◽  
B. G. Lukichev ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
O. V. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Disturbance of the thyroid function is often detected in patients with different profiles. A special feature of patients with chronic kidney  disease is the higher incidence of various thyroid function  disturbances, especially hypothyroidism. It is known that in patients  with chronic kidney disease (CKD) iodine excretion from the body is  violated, since normally 90% of iodine is excreted in urine.  Accumulation of high concentrations of inorganic iodine leads to the  formation of the Wolf-Chaikoff effect: suppression of iodine  organization in the thyroid gland and disruption of the thyroid  hormones synthesis. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones is  also disturbed, namely, deiodinase type I activity is suppressed and  peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is inhibited (so-called low T3  syndrome). Therefore, patients with CKD are often diagnosed with  hypothyroidism, and the origin of hypothyroidism is not always  associated with the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis. The article  presents an overview of a large number of population studies of  thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with CKD, as well as  experimental data specifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of  thyroid dysfunction in patients with CKD. Therapeutic tactics are still  not regulated. However, in a number of studies, replacement therapy with thyroid hormones in patients with CKD had some advantages.

Features of the ovarian reserve of women of reproductive age suffering from autoimmune diseases

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Elena N. Andreeva ◽  
Olga R. Grigoryan ◽  
Yulia S. Absatarova ◽  
Irina S. Yarovaya ◽  
Robert K. Mikheev
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antithyroid Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Women

The reproductive potential of a woman depends on indicators of the ovarian reserve, such as the anti-Muller hormone (AMH) and the number of antral follicles (NAF). Autoimmune diseases have a significant effect on fertility and contribute to the development of premature ovarian failure. Aim.To evaluate the parameters of the ovarian reserve in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, carriers of antibodies to the thyroid gland in a state of euthyroidism and compare them with similar parameters in healthy women. Materials and methods.In the first block of the study, the level of AMH, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, NAF was studied among 224 women with diabetes and 230 healthy women in the control group. In block II, the level of the above hormonal indices was studied in 35 carriers of antithyroid antibodies in the state of euthyroidism and 35 healthy women. Results.In patients with type 1 diabetes, the level of AMH, NAF was statistically significantly lower when compared with the control group. Among carriers of antithyroid antibodies and healthy women, no difference in AMH and NAF was found. Conclusion.The autoimmune processes accompanying diabetes are more influenced by the ovarian reserve indices than autoimmune aggression to the tissues of the thyroid gland.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota of Grazing Mongolian Cattle from Different Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1938
Author(s):  
Han Aricha ◽  
Huasai Simujide ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Wenting Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Xilingol Grassland

Mongolian cattle from China have strong adaptability and disease resistance. We aimed to compare the gut microbiota community structure and diversity in grazing Mongolian cattle from different regions in Inner Mongolia and to elucidate the influence of geographical factors on the intestinal microbial community structure. We used high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the fecal microbial community and diversity in samples from 60 grazing Mongolian cattle from Hulunbuir Grassland, Xilingol Grassland, and Alxa Desert. A total of 2,720,545 high-quality reads and sequences that were 1,117,505,301 bp long were obtained. Alpha diversity among the three groups showed that the gut microbial diversity in Mongolian cattle in the grasslands was significantly higher than that in the desert. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas Verrucomicrobia presented the highest abundance in the gut of cattle in the Alxa Desert. The gut bacterial communities in cattle from the grasslands versus the Alxa Desert were distinctive, and those from the grasslands were closely clustered. Community composition analysis revealed significant differences in species diversity and richness. Overall, the composition of the gut microbiota in Mongolian cattle is affected by geographical factors. Gut microbiota may play important roles in the geographical adaptations of Mongolian cattle.

scholarly journals Interplay between the Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Mediators in the Development of Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Gwangbeom Heo ◽  
Yunna Lee ◽  
Eunok Im
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Inflammatory mediators modulate inflammatory pathways during the development of colorectal cancer. Inflammatory mediators secreted by both immune and tumor cells can influence carcinogenesis, progression, and tumor metastasis. The gut microbiota, which colonize the entire intestinal tract, especially the colon, are closely linked to colorectal cancer through an association with inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukins, and interferons. This association may be a potential therapeutic target, since therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota have been actively investigated in both the laboratory and in clinics and include fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Umair Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Aysha Sameen ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Dynamic Population

The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms and about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest that the GM can influence the health of the host, and several factors can modify the GM composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, and geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis can affect brain immune homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests that it can enhance the secretion of lipopolysaccharides and amyloids that may disturb intestinal permeability and the blood–brain barrier. In addition, it can promote the hallmarks of AD, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, and ultimately the causation of neural death. Poor dietary habits and aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, GM modulation through diet, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation could represent potential therapeutics in AD. In this review, we discuss the role of GM dysbiosis in AD and potential therapeutic strategies to modulate GM in AD.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota dynamics during disease activity and remission in newly diagnosed and established ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Öhman ◽  
Anders Lasson ◽  
Anna Strömbeck ◽  
Stefan Isaksson ◽  
Marcus Hesselmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Specific Species

AbstractPatients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an altered gut microbiota composition, but the microbial relationship to disease activity needs to be further elucidated. Therefore, temporal dynamics of the fecal microbial community during remission and flare was determined. Fecal samples were collected at 2–6 time-points from UC patients during established disease (cohort EST) and at diagnosis (cohort NEW). Sampling range for cohort EST was 3–10 months and for cohort NEW 36 months. Relapses were monitored for an additional three years for cohort EST. Microbial composition was assessed by Genetic Analysis GA-map Dysbiosis Test, targeting ≥ 300 bacteria. Eighteen patients in cohort EST (8 with maintained remission and 10 experiencing a flare), provided 71 fecal samples. In cohort NEW, 13 patients provided 49 fecal samples. The microbial composition showed no clustering related to disease activity in any cohort. Microbial dissimilarity was higher between than within patients for both cohorts, irrespective of presence of a flare. Microbial stability within patients was constant over time with no major shift in overall composition nor modification in the abundance of any specific species. Microbial composition was not affected by intensified medical treatment or linked to future disease course. Thus in UC, the gut microbiota is highly stable irrespective of disease stage, disease activity or treatment escalation. This suggests that prolonged dietary interventions or repeated fecal transplantations are needed to be able to induce permanent alterations of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota restoration through fecal microbiota transplantation: a new atopic dermatitis therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hwa Kim ◽  
Kiyoung Kim ◽  
Wonyong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Calprotectin Level ◽  
Donor State

AbstractThe pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) involves complex factors, including gut microbiota and immune modulation, which remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to restore gut microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to ameliorate AD in mice. FMT was performed using stool from donor mice. The gut microbiota was characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 with the DADA2 plugin. Gut metabolite levels were determined by measuring fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents. AD-induced allergic responses were evaluated by analyzing blood parameters (IgE levels and eosinophil percentage, eosinophil count, basophil percentage, and monocyte percentage), the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, dermatitis score, and the number of mast cells in the ileum and skin tissues. Calprotectin level was measured to assess gut inflammation after FMT. FMT resulted in the restoration of gut microbiota to the donor state and increases in the levels of SCFAs as gut metabolites. In addition, FMT restored the Th1/Th2 balance, modulated Tregs through gut microbiota, and reduced IgE levels and the numbers of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. FMT is associated with restoration of gut microbiota and immunologic balance (Th1/Th2) along with suppression of AD-induced allergic responses and is thus a potential new therapy for AD.

scholarly journals Insights into the Impact of Microbiota in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Prognosis and Diagnosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Jerónimo Aragón-Vela ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver illness associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A more severe type of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered an ongoing global health threat and dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated that liver steatosis is associated with the elevation of certain clinical and biochemical markers but with low predictive potential. In addition, current imaging methods are inaccurate and inadequate for quantification of liver steatosis and do not distinguish clearly between the microvesicular and the macrovesicular types. On the other hand, an unhealthy status usually presents an altered gut microbiota, associated with the loss of its functions. Indeed, NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defense and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH. In the present review, we aim to: (a) summarize studies on both human and animals addressed to determine the impact of alterations in gut microbiota in NASH; (b) evaluate the potential role of such alterations as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of this disorder; and (c) discuss the involvement of microbiota in the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH (i.e., bariatric surgery, physical exercise and lifestyle, diet, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation).

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