Entrepreneurial Skill Development in Indonesia and Nigeria through Project-Based Learning

This study analyzed how students in Indonesia and Nigeria used Project-Based Learning to develop their entrepreneurial skills. Qualitative methods with observation and documentation instruments used in this study. The success of the Project-Based Learning strategy is evaluated by reviewing projects completed by students. The findings of this study can be used by universities in Indonesia, Nigeria, and other countries as an alternative learning strategy. This research has never been done before because it examines entrepreneurial skills using Project-Based Learning in the context of Indonesia and Nigeria. The results obtained in Nnamdi Azikiwe University and Universitas Bengkulu<strong> </strong>indicated that PjBL approach increases students’ entrepreneurship skill development, creative thinking, and problem solving. These are very important for future entrepreneurial endeavours. Hence, PjBL is an effective method that can be used to enhance the entrepreneurial skill of students compared to the traditional class structure where the teacher or lecturer do more of the teaching with less students’ involvement. This study provides an alternative option for developing entrepreneurial skills through project-based learning in both Indonesia and Nigeria.

Two-Step Approach Using Degradable Magnesium to Inhibit Surface Biofilm and Subsequently Kill Planktonic Bacteria

Bacterial infection remains a great risk in medical implantation surgery. In this paper, we found that degradable metals may be a feasible alternative option of antibacterial implantation materials. It is known that the spalling mechanism of magnesium (Mg) during degradation leads to Mg ions-induced alkaline environment, which is harmful to planktonic bacteria. In this study, we showed that alkaline pH environment is almost harmless to those adhesive bacteria protected in well-formed biofilms. Moreover, experimental results demonstrated that the biofilm formed in the place where Mg spalls are destroyed, releasing the covered bacteria to be planktonic in the alkaline environment. As a result, the colonization of biofilms continues to shrink during the degradation of Mg. It implies that if degradable metal is employed as implantation material, even if bacterial infection occurs, it may be possibly cured without second surgery.

Abstract 1122‐000076: Direct Carotid Artery Cutdown and Flow Diversions for the Bilateral Dissecting Pseudo‐Aneurysms

Introduction : flow diverters (FD) have been used for the treatment of the dissecting pseudo aneurysm (DSA) via trans femoral or transradial approach. Both trans femoral and transradial approaches require aortic arch as a relay to access the internal carotid artery (ICA). Presence of an aortic arch stent prevents navigating to the ICA. Therefore, alternative option such as direct Carotid artery Cutdown (DCAC) and FD for the treatment of the DSA in the ICA is not known. Methods : Case report and Retrospective chart review. Results : 67 years old man with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and repair of the aortic arch aneurysm using a and aortic arch stenting. Patient was diagnosed with bilateral internal carotid artery DSA buy a CT angiogram when complained of neck pain, headaches and dizziness. Right ICA DSA was in multi‐level extending from cervical carotid artery to the skull base measured 19 × 15 × 20 mm and the left was 16 × 9 × 22 mm. An angiogram was attempted for the better evaluation of the DSA, which fail due to the presence of aortic arch stent. Considering the severity of the disease and the presence of symptoms, it was planned to have a DCAC by vascular surgeon followed by the repair of the aneurysms using FD by neurovascular surgeon (NES) in a staged fashion. Preparation: blood pressure was controlled and smoking was ceased. Patient was given 4 chewable baby aspirin and 300 mg clopidogrel on the day of the procedure. Activated coagulation time was kept 2 times of baseline. A 6F sheath was placed from right common carotid artery (CCA) to right ICA by a vascular surgeon and the placement was confined by NES by angiography. A CAT5 intermediate catheter was navigated to the ICA beyond DSA. FD was achieved using Surpass streamline measuring 4 × 50 mm x2 and a 5 × 40 mm to cover the entire DSA and disease ICA. The DCAC site was sutured by vascular surgeon and patient was extubated. Patient was discharged home in 48 hours with NIHSS 0 and mRS 1 as baseline. Using similar techniques, Left‐sided dissecting pseudoaneurysm repaired using 5 × 50 mm surpass streamline flow diverter. Patient was discharged in 24 hours. Patient continued 325 mg of aspirin and 75 mg of aspirin for six months followed by 81 mg baby aspirin and 75 mg of clopidogrel. Six‐month follow‐up MR angiogram demonstrate complete obligations of the bilateral DPA and remodeling of the internal carotid arteries. Conclusions : When transfemoral or transtibial approach is not feasible, DCACW could be an alternative option for the treatment of the symptomatic and life‐threatening DSA of the Internal carotid artery. Further studies are required.

On the Integrative Interconnection of Extrajudicial and Judicial Resolution of Administrative-Tort Cases

The article considers some features of the integrative relationship between public administration and courts in two types of administrative-tort cases: 1) in cases of administrative offences (or otherwise - in cases of administrative-punishable torts, since the consideration and resolution of this category of administrative-tort cases essentially entails the appointment of administrative penalties according to the rules provided for by Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences); 2) in cases of violations of mandatory requirements detected and suppressed by public administration bodies during control and supervisory proceedings (or otherwise - in cases of administrativeavoidable violations, since the consideration and resolution of this category is administrative-tort cases on the merits entail the application of such a measure of administrative enforcement and restorative influence as the introduction of an order to eliminate violations of mandatory requirements under the rules provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation: 1) add Article 28.8 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences, providing that when drawing up a protocol on an administrative offense, the consideration of which is attributed to the competence of another body, a decision is made on the transfer of the case materials by authority (if the case is subject to consideration by a public administration body) or by jurisdiction (if the case is subject to consideration in a court of general jurisdiction); 2) as an alternative option for further improvement of the administrative-procedural legislation of the Russian Federation, the issue of applying a single algorithm of procedural actions of public administration bodies when sending materials of administrative-punishable cases to the court by filing an application with a requirement to bring to administrative responsibility, as already provided for in Chapter 25 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences, is proposed for discussion among scientists and legislators. And if it is necessary to transfer the materials of an administratively punishable case for consideration from one public administration body to another non-judicial body (public administration body), it is possible to provide for a ruling on the transfer of the case materials for consideration; 3) to regulate in the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences in the form of an independent chapter “Proceedings in administrative cases on the cancellation of a license and (or) permit” and provide for a single procedure for the review and resolution by the court of administrative cases of this category on administrative claims of public administration bodies.

Seeking alternatives, asserting choices: Dr Mahendralal Sarkar's life in medicine and science

This article examines the medical life of a native physician who embraced homoeopathy despite being trained in the dominant pathy i.e. allopathy at the prestigious Calcutta Medical College in the 1860s. Mahendralal Sarkar, the physician in focus, was one of the first famous converts to homoeopathy. His seeking of an alternative option created space and legitimacy for homoeopathy. Through the journal Calcutta Journal of Medicine that Sarkar founded, he, with great ability, asserted and defended his right as a physician to decide in favour of homoeopathy. Sarkar gradually established himself as an accomplished homoeopath and was recognised as an important public figure of Calcutta. The odds and opposition he faced convinced him to embark on a great task of the cultivation of science as, in his view, the inculcation of the spirit of science was the need of the day to break the orthodoxy and mitigate prejudices of the medical profession and society at large.