THE IMAGE OF A HARD WORKING / LAZY MAN IN THE KHAKAS PROFILE WORLD VIEW

Статья посвящена лингвокультурологическому рассмотрению хакасских пословиц и поговорок с целью выявления и описания образа трудолюбивого / ленивого человека в хакасской пословичной картине мира. Материалом для анализа послужили около ста единиц паремий с соответствующей семантикой, собранные автором, в основном, из сборника «Хыйға сöс. Мудрое слово» (2014), также для сравнения привлекаются паремии других народов. Выявлено, что трудолюбивый человек в хакасском языковом сознании — это надёжный, добросовестный, усердный, основательный работник. Он, благодаря своему трудолюбию, обеспечивает питанием себя и свою семью. В паремиях, описывающих труд как источник богатства, обычно присутствует репрезентант чағ «сало». Образ ленивого человека отмечен такими мотивационными признаками, как бестолковость, склонность ко сну, малоподвижный образ жизни, пустая и бесцельная трата времени, проживание и питание за чужой счёт. Однако лентяй в народном сознании не воспринимается совсем как безнадёжный и пропащий человек, о чём свидетельствуют пословицы, предупреждающие о негативных последствиях лени, и имеющие воспитательный характер. При этом отношение хакасов к проявлению лени суровое и бескомпромиссное; нами не зафиксировано ни одной паремии, оправдывающей данный человеческий порок. Отдельный пласт составляют паремии, раскрывающие контрастивные оценочные характеристики двух типов людей — трудолюбивого и ленивого, что позволяет слушающим чётко и ясно воспринимать имплицитные поучительные коды народной мудрости. Считаем, что сложная, полиаспектная система образа трудолюбивого / ленивого человека в хакасском языке обладает хорошим когнитивным и лингвокультурологическим потенциалом и имеет перспективу для будущих исследований. The article is devoted to the linguoculturological examination of Khakass proverbs and sayings in order to identify and describe the image of a hardworking / lazy person in the Khakass proverbial picture of the world. The material for analysis was about one hundred units of paremias with the corresponding semantics, collected by the author, mainly from the collection “Хыйға сöс. The Wise Word” (2014), also for the comparison there are the paremias of other nations. It is revealed that a hardworking person in the Khakass language consciousness is a reliable, conscientious, diligent, thorough worker. Thanks to his hard work, he provides food for himself and his family. In the paremias describing labor as a source of wealth, a unit of чағ “salo” is usually present. The image of a lazy person is marked by evaluations signs such as stupidity, a tendency to sleep, a sedentary lifestyle, an empty, aimless waste of time, living and eating at someone else's expense. However, in the popular consciousness it is not perceived at all as a hopeless and lost person, as proverbs display, warning about the negative consequences of laziness, and have an educational character. Moreover, the Khakass attitude to the manifestation of laziness is severe and uncompromising, and we have not recorded a single paremia justifying this human vice. Paremias constitute a separate layer, revealing the contrasting evaluative characteristics of two types of people — hardworking and lazy, which allows listeners to clearly perceive the implicit instructive codes of folk wisdom. We believe that the conceptual space of a hardworking / lazy person in the Khakass language has good cognitive and linguocultural potential for future research.

Re-evaluating the importance of discourse-embedding for specificational and predicative clauses

This paper studies the discourse-embedding of specificational clauses, in contrast with predicative ones. Specificational clauses – which express a variable – value relation – are assumed to have a ‘fixed’ information structure. This follows from the widespread definition of information structure in terms of a presupposition – focus contrast, which is often conflated with the variable – value contrast, on the one hand, and with a given – new contrast, on the other. Against these conflations, this study demonstrates that the specification is a separate layer of meaning, which not only shows variation in terms of focus-marking (Van Praet and O’Grady 2018), but also in terms of its embedding in specific contexts of use. These findings urge us to revisit not only the basis for distinguishing specificational clauses from predicative ones, but also to separate out the different layers of coded and pragmatic meaning that have been conflated under the header of ‘information structure’.

Improve The Effective Resonance Light Scattering Of Three-Layered Plasmonic Au@Dielectric@Ag Bimetallic Nanoshells

The strong light scattering from SPR has received an extraordinary attention due to the useful applications in photodetectors, cell and biomedical imaging. However, the applications using light scattering require a high scattering cross-section along with low absorption losses near the resonance wavelength. In this paper, effective plasmonic scattering of three-layered Au-Ag bimetallic nanoshells with a dielectric separate layer has been studied using the quasi-static approximation of classical electrodynamics. Because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-induced intense light absorption, the effective scattering intensity is much weaker than that of scattering cross section. However, the effective scattering intensity could be improved by tuning the geometric dimension and local dielectric environment of the nanostructure. It has been found that the greatest effective scattering takes place when the outer Ag nanoshell has a thick thickness or the dielectric separate layer has a small dielectric constant. The effective scattering also depends on the inner Au sphere radius and outer surrounding dielectric constant. Because of the mode transformation of the SPR, the effective scattering could also be greatly improved when the inner Au sphere has a very small or large size. However, the effective scattering intensity changes non-monotonously as the surrounding dielectric constant increases. The greatest effective scattering could be obtained when the surrounding dielectric constant has an intermediate value. This tunable effective plasmonic scattering of Au@Ag three-layered nanoshells presents a potential for design and fabrication of plasmonic optical nanodevice based on resonance light scattering.

Overview the 5 Years Experience of Intelligent Separate-Layer Injection Technology in B Offshore Oilfield

Nowadays intelligent injection is considered as a new frontier for offshore oilfield. In order to improve the water injection indicators such as allocation frequency and qualification rate, intelligent separate-layer injection technology (ISIT) was researched, deployed and optimized in B offshore oilfield from 2015. In the course of 5 years’ project operation, some experience of success or failure was achieved. B offshore oilfield is the largest offshore oilfield in China with 33 water flooding oilfields and more than 800 water injection wells. With the continuous development, the problem of injection management mainly reflected in the contradiction between increasing demand of allocation and limited operation time and space was exposed. Two kinds of ISIT, cable implanted intelligent separate-layer injection technology(CISIT) and wireless intelligent separate-layer injection technology(WISIT), were deployed to solve the above problem. CISIT controlled the distributor downhole by electricity while WISIT controlled the distributor downhole by pressure pulse. By the use of ISIT, downhole nozzle's action, packer testing and downhole data monitoring could be remotely controlled on the ground. During the 5 years’ test, ISIT was optimized from the field breakdown including large flow range flowing test, cable protection project, efficient coding mode, water seepage resistance and so on. With the continuous optimization and quality control improvement, ISIT has overcome many problems, such as downhole short circuit and communication loss, and is becoming more stable and reliable. At present, ISIT can meet the needs of large flow injection(max 800m3/d per layer) and can adapt to the high frequency of acidizing and fracturing in offshore oilfield. The failure rate of ISIT has dropped to nearly 20% in 2020. As of December 2020, ISIT has formed series products for different internal diameter wells and applied in 156 water injection wells in B offshore oilfield. The average allocation frequency has increased from less than one time to 2 times per year. Through the application of ISIT, B offshore oilfield has accumulatively saved more than 2100 days of platform occupation and more than 73 million RMB yuan of allocation cost. The use of ISIT makes B offshore oilfield's injection become more efficient and intelligent. The 5 years’ experience of ISIT applicationin B offshore oilfield has a fairly referential significance for other offshore oilfields.