Regulated free banking in Switzerland (1881–1907)

The free-banking history of Switzerland is subdivided into periods with unfettered competition (1826–1881), and strict banknote regulation (1881–1907). This paper suggests that the Federal Banknote Act of 1881 was introduced to remedy the fragmentation of the unfettered-competition period, during which private note-issuing banks were unable to issue standardised paper money. Although the corresponding minimum-reserve and mutual-acceptance rules led to a standardisation, they created new problems. For example, these regulatory interventions reduced the flexibility (or “elasticity”) of the paper-money supply. It turned out that a central note-issuing bank is needed to supply adequate amounts of standardised banknotes.

From queue to café: Tangerine’s interventions in Canada’s digital banking

Traditionally, banking institutions have relied on face-to-face encounters to provide trusted and credible financial services. However, in today’s digitally-orientated marketplace, this is no longer an exclusive option. In Canada, the banking industry has be resistant to adopt these newer digital platforms and this introduces a number of potential setbacks for the nation’s economic and international interests. At the same time, the unique and emergent Canadian banking institution, Tangerine, has responded positively and productively to the changes. The bank, I argue in this Major Research Paper, thus offers a valuable case study for an analysis of new models of agile banking. By depicting the narrative of Canada’s banking history, investigating industry market documents and reports, then visually analyzing logos and branding strategies using theories from branding and visual semiotics, the MRP provides a comparison of Tangerine’s branding and infrastructure relative to Canada’s ‘Big Five’ banks (BMO, RBC, CIBC, TD, Scotiabank). Compared to the Big Five, Tangerine’s strong leadership, customer loyalty, and integration of digital practices make its intervention in Canada’s banking industry truly disruptive and as such, a model for 21st century banks to come.

From queue to café: Tangerine’s interventions in Canada’s digital banking

Traditionally, banking institutions have relied on face-to-face encounters to provide trusted and credible financial services. However, in today’s digitally-orientated marketplace, this is no longer an exclusive option. In Canada, the banking industry has be resistant to adopt these newer digital platforms and this introduces a number of potential setbacks for the nation’s economic and international interests. At the same time, the unique and emergent Canadian banking institution, Tangerine, has responded positively and productively to the changes. The bank, I argue in this Major Research Paper, thus offers a valuable case study for an analysis of new models of agile banking. By depicting the narrative of Canada’s banking history, investigating industry market documents and reports, then visually analyzing logos and branding strategies using theories from branding and visual semiotics, the MRP provides a comparison of Tangerine’s branding and infrastructure relative to Canada’s ‘Big Five’ banks (BMO, RBC, CIBC, TD, Scotiabank). Compared to the Big Five, Tangerine’s strong leadership, customer loyalty, and integration of digital practices make its intervention in Canada’s banking industry truly disruptive and as such, a model for 21st century banks to come.

The dedicated secretary general : Miklós Pulai's activities in the Hungarian Banking Association

Untiring Miklós Pulai, who died last year at the age of 94, will be remembered among the great minds of Hungarian economic and banking history for his outstanding professional achievements. He played a decisive role in the establishment of the two-tier banking system operating under market conditions. Part of his work as a banker was linked to the Hungarian Banking Association as its secretary general right from its foundation in 1989 till 2000, while he helped its activities almost until his death. This paper is to honour Miklós Pulai’s contribution to the activities of the Hungarian Banking Association. To understand it, the importance of his achievements we must give a brief overview of the economic and social context and the processes he was an active formative participant in.

COMPARISON OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURE AND ACHIEVEMENT OF THE MAQASHID SHARIAH BETWEEN INDONESIAN AND MALAYSIAN ISLAMIC BANKS

<p><em>As part of the corporate organization, Islamic banks are encouraged to create good performance. But in the benchmark, there are still Islamic banks that assess the performance of banks using conventional measuring instruments. So in this study using maqashid index approach to measure the performance of Islamic banks. In addition to creating good performance, the obligations of business organizations are also to take part in activities aimed at protecting and improving the welfare of society as a whole and creating good corporate governance. banks in Indonesia have poor corporate governance rankings compared to neighboring countries such as Malaysia. So the purpose of this comparison study, it is hoped that there will be some advantages between them that can be identified. The method used in this research is quantitative method by using Mann-Whitney test. The data used are annual reports from three Indonesian islamic banks and three Malaysian Islamic banks. The results obtained no significant differences in Good Corporate Governance between Indonesian and Malaysian Islamic banks. While the achievement of maqashid shariah both have differences. This is because, firstly, the difference between banking history and the second, the difference of implementation of Shariah compliance in both countries.</em><em></em></p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Good Corporate Governance, Islamic Banking, Maqashid Shariah</em>

Modern Challenges faced by banking sector of Pakistan Evidence from: the First Micro Finance Bank, JS Bank and BankIslami Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems and issues related to banking industry of Pakistan. We have focused on three banks that are specialize in their own field. We adopted the qualitative approach and developed a questionnaire to measure the responses of respondents on a likert scale. The banking history goes way back to Babylonian era. But in Pakistan the very first Pakistani bank is State bank of Pakistan. Pakistan’s banking history is quite diversified. From privatization to nationalization and then again privatization. In Pakistan banking industry is one most growing and innovative industry. Banks plays an important role in an economy. Bank are the financial institution that are regulated and monitored by State bank of Pakistan and channelize the depositor money. This report has focused on issues faced by commercial banks, microfinance institutions and Islamic banks.

Banking History in Photos: a Photo Album of the Oryol Commercial Bank of 1899

Introduction. This article focuses on the photo album of the Oryol Commercial Bank, prepared just after completion of the bank’s new building in 1899. The photographs show the interiors of the building as well as the bank’s top managers and employees at their desks. Materials and Methods. In this article, historical photography is used as a source of information about the Oryol Commercial Bank in the context of nineteenth-century banking history. Results. The bank commissioned the new building when the idea of an operational hall for its customers was finally accepted by bank building planners. For the Oryol Commercial Bank, the hall not only functioned as a place of business, but also was a symbol of the bank’s high status and public importance – although not all of its operations were mass in this period. An open work area (with a lack both of offices for employees and separate rooms for departments) indicates a simple management structure and a small number of employees. Discussion and Conclusions. This study shows that visual sources provide us images of the objects under investigation, which can be understood only taking into account the historical context – the reconstruction of which requires a bulk of written sources. However, there often are insufficient visual data for exact attribution of historical photographs. In this sense, visual sources are important for historical research not merely on their own, but rather as part of a broader corpus of available relevant materials.