The emergence of complex action as an outcome of the availability of coding means

2020 ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Frajzyngier ◽  
Marielle Butters
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Complex Action ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Motion Function ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich

Studies of Australian and Amazonian languages have demonstrated the existence of an associated motion function. Chapter 11 demonstrates that associated motion is just one of the possible outcomes of the emergence of new functions. The associated action may involve activities other than motion. This associated activity is called here ‘compositional action’. This function emerged as a result of the presence of the rich system of verbal inflectional markers coding directionality and spatial orientation in the languages considered. The importance of this chapter is that it demonstrates that a rich inflectional coding on a lexical category - in this case the verb - allows for the emergence of a new type of function and not merely provides a new locus of coding. The implications of this conclusion, which supports previous studies of Australian, Amazonian, and Slavic languages, is that it calls for a new typology of functions.

Toward a Relational Cosmopolitanism

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-185
Author(s):  
Margaret A. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich

This chapter argues that cosmopolitanism as a framework for global gender justice fails to capture the rich diversity and the power differences among women. It evaluates two prominent cosmopolitan positions, individualist cosmopolitanism and institutional cosmopolitanism. Individualist cosmopolitanism relies on an abstract and atomistic notion of the self. Abstracting from social and cultural context diminishes the significance of identity, and holding a strongly individualist notion of the self obscures the power relationships that undergird structural inequality. Institutional cosmopolitanism accounts for our interconnections through unequal global economic and political relationships, but it leaves aside issues of gender and culture. The chapter draws on the work of Rabindranath Tagore to construct a new type of cosmopolitanism, relational cosmopolitanism, that recognizes our interdependence, appreciates diversity, and criticizes power relationships. Supplemented by feminist ideas of world traveling and difference as a creative resource, relational cosmopolitanism is a promising framework for feminists interested in global gender justice.

Research on Production of Bluecoke with Low Temperature Carbonization Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Xin Zhe Lan ◽  
Xi Cheng Zhao ◽  
Yong Hui Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich

Bluecoke is a new type carbon product that prepared by low temperature carbonization process, which take lignite, long flame coal, not sticky and weak glue coal as raw material. At the same time tar and coke oven gas as by-products can be obtained. Two new technologies of Bluecoke production were introduced based on summary of way of producing Bluecoke by low metamorphic coal, namely the rich oxygen carbonization and the microwave carbonization. Both ways have their advantages and disadvantages. By contrast, the quality of coke and the content of valid gas are better using microwave carbonization, which to follow-up industry chains development significantly.

Chapter 11

Sanditon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Austen
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
The Rich

It would not do.—Not all that the whole Parker race could say among themselves, could produce a happier catastrophé than that the Family from Surry and the Family from Camberwell were one and the same.—The rich Westindians, and the young Ladies Seminary had all...

Review Lecture - The chemosynthetic support of life and the microbial diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

1985 ◽  
Vol 225 (1240) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Chemolithotrophic Bacteria ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Circulation of seawater through the upper few kilometres of oceanic crust at tectonic spreading zones results in a transformation of geothermal into chemical energy. Reduced inorganic species are emitted from warm (under 25 °C) and hot (under 400 °C) vents on the sea floor at depths of 1600 and 3000 m and are used by chemolithotrophic bacteria as terrestrial sources of energy for the primary production of organic carbon from carbon dioxide. Thus, the rich and unique animal populations found in the immediate vicinity of the vents represent ecosystems that are largely or totally independent of solar energy. They subsist by means of a food chain that is based on various microbial processes. In addition to aerobic and anaerobic bacterial chemosynthesis, a new type of symbiosis between yet undescribed chemolithotrophic prokaryotes and certain invertebrates appears to account for the major part of the total primary production at the deep-sea vent sites.

scholarly journals Natural pedagogy as evolutionary adaptation

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1567) ◽  
pp. 1149-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Csibra ◽  
György Gergely
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Technological Culture ◽  
Natural Pedagogy ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Human Specific

We propose that the cognitive mechanisms that enable the transmission of cultural knowledge by communication between individuals constitute a system of ‘natural pedagogy’ in humans, and represent an evolutionary adaptation along the hominin lineage. We discuss three kinds of arguments that support this hypothesis. First, natural pedagogy is likely to be human-specific: while social learning and communication are both widespread in non-human animals, we know of no example of social learning by communication in any other species apart from humans. Second, natural pedagogy is universal: despite the huge variability in child-rearing practices, all human cultures rely on communication to transmit to novices a variety of different types of cultural knowledge, including information about artefact kinds, conventional behaviours, arbitrary referential symbols, cognitively opaque skills and know-how embedded in means-end actions. Third, the data available on early hominin technological culture are more compatible with the assumption that natural pedagogy was an independently selected adaptive cognitive system than considering it as a by-product of some other human-specific adaptation, such as language. By providing a qualitatively new type of social learning mechanism, natural pedagogy is not only the product but also one of the sources of the rich cultural heritage of our species.

FUNERARY COMEDIES IN CONTEMPORARY KINSHASA: SOCIAL DIFFERENCE, URBAN COMMUNITIES AND THE EMERGENCE OF A CULTURAL FORM

Africa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Pype
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
Social Difference ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
Stand Up Comedy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Client Relationship ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich

ABSTRACTThe article situates a new type of stand-up comedy, performed in Kinshasa's mourning spaces (matanga), within the city's social universe. This type of funerary joking, enacted by comedians unrelated to the bereaved, represents a clear departure from the customary funerary humour in which accepted jokers occupy particular social positions vis-à-vis the deceased. Following recent changes in the organization of mourning rituals within the circles of Kinshasa's wealthy, these rather intimate events are ever more open to ‘strangers’, who anticipate the spending capacities of the gathered crowd. Comedians constitute one among a wide range of outsider groups who approach the bereaved community as a space of opportunity. It is argued that this emergent cultural form is utterly urban, and could only appear within urban life worlds where conviviality with others, and in particular an understanding of people's need to make a living in precarious circumstances, transforms the mourning community into an audience that pays for a cultural performance. Humour is not only derived from a symbolic difference between the poor and the rich, but also through the performance of exaggerated flattery, producing the illusion of patronage and situating the comedian within a feigned patron–client relationship for the duration of that performance.

scholarly journals Marketing, the past and corporate heritage

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. T. Balmer ◽  
Mario Burghausen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corporate Heritage ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Temporal Agency ◽  
Marketing Approach

We argue for a more expansive conceptualization of the past’s relevance in, and for, marketing. Such a differentiated approach to the past is pregnant with possibilities in terms of advancing scholarship apropos temporal agency in marketing along with consumption practices. Symptomatic of this perspective is the increased mindfulness of the rich palate of past-related concepts. Significantly, the corporate heritage notion – because of its omnitemporal nature – represents a distinct and meaningful vector on the past by coalescing the past, present and future into a new type of temporality. As such, the authors reason this expansive conceptualization of ‘the past-in-marketing’ is both timely and efficacious. While sensitive of the importance of the historical method in marketing and the history of marketing scholarship and practice per se, this broader marketing approach to and of the past highlights the ideational and material manifestations of the past-in-the-present and an envisaged past-in-the-future.

scholarly journals Rezension: Janusz Siatkowski, Studia nad słowiańsko-­niemieckimi kontaktami językowymi, Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski 2015, 503 S.

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 315-328
Author(s):  
Thomas Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
German Language ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Current State ◽  
German Dialects ◽  
The Rich ◽  
State Of Research

Review: Janusz Siatkowski, Studia nad słowiańsko‑niemieckimi kontaktami językowymi, Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski 2015, 503 pp.The article reviews a volume in which Professor Janusz Siatkowski presents lexical and word-formation borrowings from Slavic languages to general German and to German dialects. The book considers the entire area of Slavic-German contact (Livonia, Eastern Prussia, Western Prussia, Pomerania, Silesia, Czechia, Moravia and Austria) as well as Lusatia and territories more distant from the centuries-old language border, namely Saxony, Thuringia, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg. Special attention is paid by the author to borrowings in the works by the Upper-Silesian German language writer Horst Bienek.The reviewed work distinguishes a number of language contact constellations: 1) borrowed lexical roots with borrowed derivational suffixes; with direct counterparts in Slavic languages; 2) borrowed lexical roots with borrowed derivational suffixes; without direct source words in Slavic languages; 3) Slavic derivational suffixes with roots of German etymology; with counterparts in Slavic languages; 4) Slavic derivational suffixes with roots of German etymology; without source words in Slavic languages.Janusz Siatkowski argues that, especially in bilingual territories, language contact was so strong that derivational suffixes could be productive in German dialects irrespective of lexical borrowings. The rich lexicological material is discussed on an excellent scholarly level, in accordance with all criteria of philology and current state of research. The book is a true compendium of Slavic borrowings to German dialects. Recenzja: Janusz Siatkowski, Studia nad słowiańsko-niemieckimi kontaktami językowymi, Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski 2015, ss. 503Omawiany w recenzji tom autorstwa prof. dr. hab. Janusza Siatkowskiego przedstawia zapożyczenia leksykalne i słowotwórcze z języków słowiańskich do języka niemieckiego oraz do gwar niemieckich. Książka uwzględnia całość historycznego areału kontaktów słowiańsko-niemieckich (Inflanty, Prusy Wschodnie, Prusy Zachodnie, Pomorze, Śląsk, Czechy, Morawy i Austria), a także Łużyce i tereny odległe od wielowiekowej granicy językowej, mianowicie Saksonię, Turyngię, Brandenburgię i Meklemburgię. Szczególną uwagę kieruje autor omawianego tomu na zapożyczenia w utworach górnośląskiego pisarza niemieckojęzycznego – Horsta Bienka.W pracy tej wyodrębniono szereg różnych konstelacji kontaktowych: 1) zapożyczone rdzenie leksykalne wraz z sufiksami derywacyjnymi, mające bezpośrednie odpowiedniki w językach słowiańskich; 2) zapożyczone rdzenie wraz z sufiksami derywacyjnymi, niemające bezpośrednich wzorów w językach słowiańskich; 3)słowiańskie sufiksy derywacyjne przy rdzeniach z etymologią niemiecką, mające odpowiedniki w językach słowiańskich; 4)słowiańskie sufiksy derywacyjne przy rdzeniach z etymologią niemiecką, niemające wzorów w językach słowiańskich.Janusz Siatkowski dowodzi, że zwłaszcza na terenach dwujęzycznych kontakty językowe były silne do tego stopnia, iż sufiksy derywacyjne mogły być produktywne w gwarach niemieckich niezależnie od zapożyczeń wyrazowych. Bogaty materiał leksykologiczny jest omówiony na wyśmienitym poziomie naukowym według wszystkich kryteriów filologicznych i na podstawie rozległego stanu badań. Książka może służyć jako kompendium zapożyczeń słowiańskich do gwar niemieckich.

scholarly journals Native Geographical Terminology in Ukrainian East Slobozhansk Dialects of Luhansk Region (general structural and semantic characteristics)

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Olena Slobodyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
The Rich ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Units

Geographical native lexicon is one of the fragments of linguistic worldview, which reflects both common and specific ideas in the folk’s perception of the environment. Features of the nationally biased units each person perceives and classifies individually, nevertheless there is a lot of common in their worldview. Thematic justification connected with geographical names led to the rich terminology in Slavic languages. For this reason, linguists are interested in above mention lexical units. Geographically native lexicon of the Ukrainian East-Slobozhansk dialects in Lugansk region has never been examined before. The work presents geographical native lexicon as target of linguistic research, underlines the theoretical significance of this lexicon considering its functions. There were studied the researches of other linguists in the field of name analysis in Slavic languages. Introductory paragraph includes the definition of purposes and tasks of scientific paper, methodological and methodical principals of the research. Moreover, it describes academic novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the research and provides the classification of resources that were used in the process of study. The target and tasks defined the main methods of the research: descriptive and lingvo-geographical. Lingvo-geographical method included areal analysis and mapping based on identified dialect differences. The work contains the feature-by-feature comparison of linguistic units. There was determined the structure of thematic lexical groups that presents the geographical terms for relief denomination, geographical objects of relief, plants, water resources, landscape and its parts. The groups comprise the lexcio-semantic units that are not totally compatible in the quantity in case of demonstration the idiographic distinctiveness of the researched thematic group. In the result of semantic, etymologic and word-building analysis there were taken common dialects and specific geographical terms with their own meanings which have peculiar functions in Lugansk region dialect in comparison with Slavic languages, standard Ukrainian language and its dialects. Specific notions were mapped out to feature territorial peculiarities of thematic lexical groups in the Ukrainian East Slobozhansk dialects in Lugansk region. Collected dialect material allows study the zone of verbal contact, features of lexical units’ semantic development in this thematic group. It contributes to the enrichment of theoretical decryptions of semantic in dialect word and specific names in general linguistics.

The Design and Analysis of Polymer Cosmetic Micro-Needle

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Abrahem.M.M. Hedra ◽  
Heng Zhi Cai ◽  
Ling Xue ◽  
Zhen Feng Hao ◽  
Xin Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Micro Injection Molding ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Mold Flow

At present, most of cosmetic micro-needle in the market is made of biomedical stainless steels, but the processing technology is complicated and the piece-production cost is high. Micro injection molding technology can make the complicated polymer micro-needle in one cycle with the help of the rich experience accumulated in this area. And the method is suitable for mass production. This paper introduces the design of a new type of cosmetic micro-needle with polymer, its number simulation with injection molding software mold flow and the strength simulation.

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