The Effect of Servant Leadership on Self-Efficacy and Innovative Behaviour: Verification of the Moderated Mediating Effect of Vocational Calling

This study aimed to verify the impact of servant leadership on innovative behaviour in non-governmental organisations (NGOs). It particularly investigated the role of a mediator for self-efficacy in the relationship between servant leadership and innovative behaviour. This study defined the organisational psychology-behaviour mechanism in non-profit organisations by verifying the moderated mediating effect of vocational calling in the relationship between servant leadership, self-efficacy, and innovative behaviour. The 174 pilot samples used in this study comprised community service participants in NGOs. The analysis verified the hypothesis set through causal correlations among four variables using regression analysis and the PROCESS macro developed by Hayes. Vocational calling played a moderating role in the relationship between servant leadership and self-efficacy, and vocational calling had a conditional effect on the impact of servant leadership on innovative behaviour through self-efficacy. Meanwhile, self-efficacy fully mediated servant leadership and innovative behaviour. Based on the verification of the mechanism of organisational psychology-action, this study sought ways to develop the organisation of NGOs and improve the working environment.

Mere Didaskalia: The Vocational Calling and Mission of Christian Teaching Ministry

This article presents the ministry of Christian teaching according to its distinctive vocational calling and mission. The first section contributes a theological meditation on the vocational essence of Christian education (CE), featuring an original proposed definition of “Christian teaching ministry.” The second section of the article contributes an ethical meditation on the vocational endeavor of CE, featuring an original proposed framework of Christian teaching ministry’s mission. For the field of CE and the academic discipline devoted to it, this article represents an appeal to vocational-missional centrality around the redemptive ideal and function of doctrine ( didaskalia) in congregational contexts.

Families under Pressure: The Costs of Vocational Calling, and What Can Be Done about Them

This conceptual article extends the literature on the disadvantages of calling. The article makes four main contributions. First, it argues that some of the burden of calling is shouldered not by called individuals or their employers, but rather by close family members. Second, it argues that calling influences work–life ideology, limiting a called person’s ability to exercise choice and self-manage their work–life boundary. Third, it introduces the novel notion of the sacrifice-reliant organisation, which relies on calling to achieve organisational goals. Fourth, the article argues normatively that organisations with called members have an enhanced duty of care towards families of its members that is commensurate with the extent to which they rely on calling to achieve their goals. Using ethics of care, it also develops guidelines on the extent and components of such an enhanced duty of care.

Moderating Effect of Vocational Calling on Firefighters’ Stress and Burnout

Firefighters are exposed to complex stresses resulting from life-threatening risks in the work environment, expanding scope of work, insufficient compensation and support. This study investigated the role of vocational calling in job stress leading to burnout, which impairs mental health and organizational effectiveness. One hundred and ninety-one firefighters (average age, 40.97 years; average career, 13.14 years) participated in the study. Firefighters with a high sense of calling showed lower burnout at both low and high stresses than those with a low sense of calling. In the group with low sense of calling, burnout increased more rapidly as the stress level increased than in the group with high sense of calling. As a psychological resource, sense of calling, which leads to the perception of one’s work as meaningful and purposeful, showed a moderating effect that buffers the effect of stress on burnout.