Head and neck cancer treatment: An overview

The advance head and neck cancers are most difficult for treatment. The newer approaches for the treatment being systemic chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. Chemotherapy offers several advantages in metastatic head and neck cancers. The main choice for the systemic chemotherapy being platinum containing compounds (drugs), Taxanes, in recent years have shown to be promising and being included in the neo-adjuvant and concomitant therapy regimes. Further, targeted agents such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) have proven to be beneficial in concomitant and metastatic therapies.

Metastatic melanomas: Treatment overview

Melanomas especially metastatic melanoma chemotherapeutic treatment has been discussed in the review article. The recent advancement in the chemotherapy being Immunotherapy targeted therapy, combination therapy, targeted therapy, combination therapies and biochemotherpies all of which have been discussed in this review article.

Anti-cancer agents from natural sources: A review

The natural products have played a dominant role in the treatment of human ailments. The discovery of penicillin has changed the scenario of modern medicine. With the ancient use of quinine for malaria, willow bark for pain and several other natural products used as medicines in ancient system of medicine such as Ayurveda and traditional China, the discovery of the medicines for the allopathic use from natural source has gained substantial attention. The ancient system of Ayurveda describes the used of many plants extracts being used for the treatment of cancer. Prevailing epidemiological factors have also described the use of the msediterranean diet and inclusion of fruits and vegetables to score low as risk factor for the cancers. Further the several discoveries have led to the transformation of the active constituents of the natural products from the dietary sources for the chemoprevention. Substantial trials in the development of the drugs from the marine and microbial origin have been fruitful and positive to develop safe and efficacious drugs. However, the success being very low due to unavailability of natural products in large gram amounts required for the clinical trials. The total synthesis of m any natural products from marine origin has also emerged to solve this issue and led to successful development of 4 marine drugs as anti-cancer agents. This overview reviews the anticancer drugs from the natural origin as the chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Wherever possible the details of the clinical trials have been discussed along with uses and mechanism of action.

Solid nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with silymarin for oral delivery: Formulation development and evaluation

The present study was aimed at preparing stable dry adsorbed nanoparticles (DANs) of silymarin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The prepared silymarin loaded NLCs and DANs were characterized for various quality parameters. Silymarin loaded NLCs were prepared by a modified hot melt emulsification ultra-sonication method using glyceryl monostearate (GMS), capmul MCM C8 EP (CAP) and gelucire 50/13 (G50/13) as solid lipid, liquid lipid and surfactant respectively. For better stability, NLC dispersion was converted into DANs by adsorbing them onto some suitable carriers. NLCs and DANs were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, assay, thermal behavior, crystallinity and morphological study. The optimized NLCs have a mean particle size of 206.1±012.5 nm (size distribution of 0.249±0.058), a zeta potential of -32.5±1.2 mV with high entrapment of 95.60±0.45% and drug loading of 1.90±0.08%. The X-ray diffraction and endothermic peaks confirmed the maximum encapsulation of active in lipid matrices. The particles were spherical with smooth surface morphology. In-vitro release studies showed sustained drug release for up to 24 h. Ex-vivo permeation in the presence and absence of lymphatic blocker indicates the uptake of silymarin loaded NLCs by the lymphatic route. Silymarin loaded NLCs prepared had a nanosize distribution with high entrapment efficiency. The ex-vivo permeation study for optimized NLC formulation exhibited the lymphatic uptake of active. Dispersion stability was increased by preparing the DANs. The solid dry powder is used for oral reconstitution and can be further converted into tablets or filled into capsules.

Osteosarcoma: A review

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of cancer with onset in late childhood and peak at early adolescence. OS is a typically is chemo sensitive cancer. The treatment modalities include neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapies with definitive surgery. Permutations and combinations of chemotherapeutics agents have been used. However, in many clinical trial high dose methotrexate has been used as main drug with cisplatin and doxorubicin (MAP). In recent years, case studies have cited addition of fourth drug to the three drug regimen gives a detail of drug regimen being used over past years and discusses the successful treatment.

Review of azadirachta indica

Neem () belonging to Maliaceae family is very important medicinal plant. Neem is used different medicinal system; Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathic medicines against various diseases. Each part of neem tree which has some medical property which act on various diseases.

Recommendation and limitation of probiotics supplements

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms often recommended for various patients or persons suffering from gastrointestinal health issues. These microorganisms are generally helpful bacteria and yeast present naturally in fermented foods. There is a growing demand for probiotic supplements manufactured by pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals companies globally due to the beneficial effects of natural probiotic intolerance. This study is a mini-review narrated the helpful and harmful effects among various sections of patients usually concerned with supplements. Probiotics are highly recommended for patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, weight management, urinary tract infections, lactose and gluten intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, and many more. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus are the probiotics or 'good bacteria, and is a type of yeast that has also become a popular probiotic for the recommendation in diarrhea cum gastrointestinal issues. The study has emphasized the mode of actions and beneficial effects of supplements and categorically discussed the side effects, special precautions, and warnings for adults and children. More importantly, whether recommendations or limitations should be considered by experienced medical professionals treating such patients. More awareness and research are required in this probiotics field to understand the proper guidance and limits.