Promoting the Solar Industry in Ghana through Effective Public-Private Partnership (PPP): Some Lessons from South Africa and Morocco

Over the past decades, solar energy has gained much attention in Ghana, especially after the 2012–2016 power crisis. The government through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) has attempted to increase the shares of solar generation to augment its efforts in reducing the energy deficit of the country, especially in remote and off-grid communities. However, the extent to which PPP has been utilized as a viable tool for solar sector development in Ghana is questionable. This study discusses the current state of PPPs in Ghana’s solar industry and compares how it has been efficiently used as a tool to promote the solar industry in South Africa and Morocco. Fundamental theories such as Altruism, Game, Principal-agent, and Pareto Optimality (PO) were used as analytical tools to examine how PPPs are handled in the selected cases. The study ascertains that the Game and PO are applicable theories that have guided SA and Morocco’s solar infrastructural development. This study discovered that PPP has been efficiently used in SA and Morocco to push its solar industry to be among the best in the world and Ghana can perfectly emulate it. The study further reveals that the Principal-agent analogy and altruistic intent of the Ghanaian government tend to discourage Private sector participation in the solar industry. It further suggests the Pareto Optimality, Game approach, and a win-win transparent attitude towards PPPs. This study recommends a well-developed PPP structure and law for Ghana. It encourages transparency and discourages partisan preferentialism to increase PPPs in Ghana’s solar industry.

Public–Private Partnership Monitor: Georgia

This publication provides a detailed overview of Georgia’s public–private partnership (PPP) landscape to help public sector policy makers improve private sector participation in infrastructure projects.

An Innovative Conceptual Model to Structure Financing Package of Infrastructure Projects

Understanding the correct way to determine the financing package for infrastructure projects, identifying proper processes, resources, techniques, and instruments to realize successful financing approaches, and private sector participation in providing development infrastructures are irrefutable. The main purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive model covering these complex issues. To this end, using the library studies, receiving expert opinion, and recognizing international financing processes, information was gathered on this subject; therefore, in this paper, the model of designing financing package for infrastructure projects is processed and identified, and designing the financing structure is closely related to the ownership structure of the project and its guaranteed package. These will change in a repeatable process until the end of the preparation phase and sometimes in project steps. The ownership of the infrastructure projects is determined by this repeatable process, which defines initial sponsors, costs, and benefits for partners, types of financial instruments, and techniques and evaluates risks and capital structure. In this paper, we suggest a model to help practitioners more effectively and systematically finance infrastructures. The development of guidelines and information resources in this field is one of the effective measures to build capacity and eliminate possible ambiguities and misunderstandings about public-private partnership.

A Number of Policy Recommendations to Promote Legal Safeguards for Renewable Energy for Private Investment in Liberia

The development and implementation of renewable energy policies and regulations in Liberia are cardinal to develop the nascent electricity sector. Liberia had developed some of the priority policy and regulatory instruments in the electricity sector; however, supportive policies and regulations to minimize investment risks and create an enabling environment for all actors are indispensable to attain universal energy access. The research aims to provide policy and regulatory recommendations that will increase private sector participation in the electricity sector of Liberia through the deployment of renewable energy technologies. The recommendations examined a comprehensive review and analysis of the energy legislation in Liberia, renewable energy policies in Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and data on renewable energy policies from countries in West Africa. It was explicit from the literature review that Liberia does not have policies and regulations for renewable power generation, transmission, and distribution, which are imperative for private sector participation. The establishment of the new renewable energy law and supportive policies such as policy and regulation on tariff setting, fiscal policy, financial policy, administrative and legal provisions, and technical standards are the recommendations of this research paper.

Involving private sector developers: building affordable rental housing in the City of Toronto

This research makes the argument for increasing private sector participation in affordable housing development in the City of Toronto. It explores the demand for affordable rental housing in Toronto, examines the national, provincial and municipal legislative situation affecting Toronto and demonstrates the potential for the municipality of Toronto to update and implement policies to produce more affordable housing with private sector developers. Policies used across Canada and the United States to encourage or require affordable housing contributions from private sector developers are explored and case studies of Vancouver, Montreal and San Francisco highlight how municipalities facing similar housing pressures have attempted to address their situations. Interviews with key stakeholders contributed Toronto-specific ideas regarding private sector involvement in the construction of affordable rental housing as well as the accompanying policies that have potential in Toronto. Actions and policies are recommended for the consideration of the Toronto municipal government.

Involving private sector developers: building affordable rental housing in the City of Toronto

This research makes the argument for increasing private sector participation in affordable housing development in the City of Toronto. It explores the demand for affordable rental housing in Toronto, examines the national, provincial and municipal legislative situation affecting Toronto and demonstrates the potential for the municipality of Toronto to update and implement policies to produce more affordable housing with private sector developers. Policies used across Canada and the United States to encourage or require affordable housing contributions from private sector developers are explored and case studies of Vancouver, Montreal and San Francisco highlight how municipalities facing similar housing pressures have attempted to address their situations. Interviews with key stakeholders contributed Toronto-specific ideas regarding private sector involvement in the construction of affordable rental housing as well as the accompanying policies that have potential in Toronto. Actions and policies are recommended for the consideration of the Toronto municipal government.

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP: ALTERNATIF PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DALAM NEGRI

Sebagai regulator dan fasilitator proyek infrastruktur Indonesia, Pemerintah telah mengundang partisipasi sektor swasta melalui pengaturan Public Private Partnership (PPP) atau yang dikenal juga dengan Kerjasama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU). Kemitraan Pemerintah-Swasta umumnya dicirikan oleh entitas sektor swasta yang mengumpulkan dana untuk membangun aset yang dibutuhkan oleh Pemerintah, dan menyediakan fasilitas atau layanan sebagai imbalan aliran pendapatan kontraktual dari Pemerintah atau pengguna. Hal ini disebabkan PPP dikatakan efektif untuk dijadikan alternatif pembangunan infrastruktur di dalam negeri. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis mengenai eksistensi PPP sebagai unsur alternatif pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia, dilihat dari aspek hukum dan implementasinya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh adalah Pemerintah harus berupaya untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas kontrak dan perbaikan skema PPP sehingga dapat menarik investor turut membantu pemerintah pada agenda pembangunan infrastruktur dalam negeri.Kata Kunci: PPP, infrastruktur, pembangunanABSTRACTAs the regulator and facilitator of Indonesian infrastructure projects, the Government has invited private sector participation through the regulation of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) or also known as Government Cooperation with Business Entities (KPBU). Government-Private Partnerships are generally characterized by private sector entities that raise funds to build assets required by the Government and provide facilities or services in exchange for a contractual revenue stream from the Government or users. This is because PPP is said to be effective to be an alternative to infrastructure development in the country. This paper will analyze the existence of PPP as an alternative element of infrastructure development in Indonesia, judging by the legal aspects and its implementation. The method used is normative legal research method using literature study. The result obtained is that the Government should strive to be able to improve the quality of contracts and improve PPP schemes to attract investors to help the government on the domestic infrastructure development agenda. Keyword: PPP, infrastructure, development