The Impact of Modernization on the Batak Toba General System

Many times the development of the era has an impact on the loss of traditions, genetic relationship systems, and customs. Because things that are traditional are always considered as obstacles to progress. This research reveals the deviations and changes in genetic relationship in the Batak Toba community in the perspective of modernity. Data collection in this study uses a literature review approach. Many data sources are taken from various books, journals, and other sources related to deviations or changes in the genetic relationship system of the Batak Toba community in the perspective of modernity. After that there will be an evaluation, content analysis and criticism of the sources until the latest findings are obtained. The conclusion of the research is that socio-cultural changes in the second and third generation of Batak Toba people overseas tend to bring destructive changes, so that they no longer know the origin and genetic relationship system. This has led to a culture and identity crisis that in the end they no longer know the customs of the na tolu, ancestors and their origins.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE GEODYNAMIC SETTINGS IN THE AREA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN LINK OF THE MAGELLAN MOUNTAINS, PACIFIC OCEAN

On the basis of a detailed bathymetric map of the area of the southeastern part of the Magellan Mountains constructed on the results of multi-beam echolocation, the authors performed a lineament analysis of the relief, distinguished linear relief objects, measured their azimuths, and built a rose-diagram of the direction of the area's lineaments. Models of the deep and near-surface deformation field of the area with the selection of blocks with the predominant stretching and the predominant compression are constructed. Along the lines of changing the sign of stress (block boundaries), block movements occur. The directions of the block boundaries are compared with the direction of the lineaments, and a conclusion is made about their spatial and genetic relationship. Systems of the direction of linear landforms and boundaries of deep and near-surface blocks partially correspond to four main systems of the global regmatic network indicating a significant influence of the latter on the structural plan of the area. The redistribution of stress values is associated with modern geological processes that lead to the formation of new features of the bottom relief and partial destruction of the old guyot surfaces.

Social Recommendation Reseach for Building Optimization and Appropriate Social System using Individual Relationship Networks

Recommender frameworks are utilized to help clients in settling on decisions from different choices. Objective is to comprehend clients' inclinations and makes recommendations on suitable activities. A social recommender framework attempts to improve the exactness of traditional recommender frameworks by having the social trust between clients in interpersonal organizations into record. The Collaborative Filtering is utilized for the suggestion framework, to give the compelling recommendation to the individual client dependent on the surveys. The thing based is a type of coordinated effort framework dependent on the likeness between things determined utilizing individuals' evaluating of those things. The suggestion may contrast from client to client upon the information thickness for every client's thing rating and relationship system and it additionally develop after some time. The social recommender framework keeps up a controlled size of close/stable relationship organize for every client and endeavors to improve the exactness of regular recommender framework by taking the social intrigue and social trust between clients in informal community into record. . This examination proposes an way to deal with multifaceted nature of adding social connection systems to recommender frameworks. Our technique initially creates an individual relationship organize (IRN) for every client and thing by building up a novel fitting calculation of relationship systems to control the relationship spread and contracting. We at that point meld lattice factorization with social regularization and the area show utilizing IRN's to produce suggestions. Our methodology is very broad, and can likewise be connected to the thing relationship organize by exchanging the jobs of clients and things. Trials on different datasets with various sizes, levels of sparsity, and types of relationships demonstrate that our methodology can improve prescient precision and addition a superior versatility contrasted and best in class social recommendation strategies.

Understanding Cash Sharing: A Sustainability Model

Traditionally, corporate treasury management has been strategically based on the idea of advancing collections and delaying payments, which has been regulated through the intermediation of financial entities using, for example, credit accounts. New technologies applied to the financial field facilitate direct interaction between companies and reduce the transaction costs, because they allow adjustment of the flows of needs, but high confidence is required. The current ease of access to credit does not promote the incorporation of new financial relationship systems, but the operation of these systems should be studied, since a future credit restriction, like that known in Europe at the end of the 2000s, could change the situation. The aim of this paper was to identify the factors involved in this relationship among companies and establish the main conditions for cash sharing between companies to achieve a successful financial function. The investigation is based on a Delphi analysis used to analyze the successful experiences of shared cash (Mondragon Corporation, Trocobuy, and Arboribus), the needed variables, and their context. Then, our model was created from that exploratory knowledge. Our model is called mutual cash holding and its relevance and reliability were contrasted using structural equations based on a questionnaire administered to financial managers of large- and medium-sized Spanish companies. The result generates knowledge that articulates a new collaborative tool that expands the possibilities for treasury management among companies.

PERANAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PRECARIOUS WORK DALAM KALANGAN NELAYAN DI SEMPORNA, SABAH

Abstrak Precarious work merupakan pekerjaan yang mempunyai amalan pekerjaan yang tidak menentu, tidak dapat dijangkakan dan berisiko terhadap golongan pekerja. Majikan berpotensi memanipulasikan kondisi pekerjaan yang perlu ditanggung oleh mereka kepada pekerja melalui ciri perhubungan pekerjaan yang bersifat precarious seperti tiada kontrak perkhidmatan dan gaji yang rendah. Ciri-ciri precarious work ini adalah bertentangan dengan sistem perhubungan pekerjaan standard yang sepatutnya diterima oleh seorang pekerja berdasarkan Akta Kerja 1955 dan Ordinan Buruh Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menemu bual majikan dan bekerja selain menggunakan borang soal selidik bagi menyokong data yang diperoleh. Artikel ini cuba menganalisis peranan pemerintah terhadap kawalan pembentukan ciri precarious work dalam kalangan pekerja nelayan di Sabah terutamanya di kawasan kajian di Semporna. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan lemahnya pengawasan pekerja terhadap undang-undang pekerjaan di sektor perikanan mengakibatkan banyak regulasi pekerjaan diabaikan dan disalahgunakan. Kata kunci: Ciri precarious work, majikan, pekerja maritim, nelayan, peranan pemerintah. Abstract Precarious work is a job that is uncertain, unpredictable and has risky work practices. Employers have the potential to manipulate the conditions of employment that they need to support their employees through the forms of precarious employment relationships such as no service contracts and low wages. These characteristics of precarious work contradicts the standard employment relationship systems, which should be accepted by an employee based on the Employment Act 1955 and the Sabah Labor Ordinance. This study is using a qualitative by interviewing the employers and employees as well as using questionaire to support the data. This paper attempts to analyze the role of the government in controlling the formation of precarious work characteristics among fishermen in Sabah especially in the research location in Semporna. The findings indicate that the lack of supervision of workers against employment laws in the fisheries sector are being ignored and misused in many of the work regulations. Keywords: Precarious work characteristics, employer, maritime workers, fisherman, the role of the government.

Societal Influence on the Cognitive Aspects of Entrepreneurship

Social history in last century has witnessed a transformation not experienced in any period before. How people are affected - what sort of characteristics individuals have – how they try to handle situation is multi-perspective. Understanding inter-societal and interpersonal relationship systems that are based on fluctuation and competition issues have been studied thoroughly. But, the role of entrepreneurship in dealing with competition has drawn researchers' extensive interest of late. Entrepreneurship is associated with the fields of administration, business, management and economics. However, in reality it is multi and interdisciplinary, with psychology having a bearing on the growth of entrepreneurship concept as is used with the broader meaning today. Through grounded research and content analysis, the core of this paper is to sketch out and understand how societal influence affects the cognitive aspects of entrepreneurship.

Friendship Repertoires and Care Arrangement

Friends are important companions and serve as sources for diverse dimensions of social support, including elderly care. Rather than researching populations that have already established care arrangements including friends, the author seeks to understand relationship systems with a focus on the inner logic friendship to consequently describe and understand involved care arrangements, be it with family members or friends. To illustrate the diversity of friendship repertoires, qualitative interviews with older adult Germans are analyzed regarding cognitive concepts of friendships in contrast to familiar ties as well as social practices around relationship systems. While some repertoires successfully include chosen ties in their care arrangements, others not only focus on family, they do not wish to receive care from friends. The article’s praxeological approach highlights the need to reflect habitual differences when thinking about elderly informal care arrangements.

Tsars, Task Forces and Standards: The New “IRS”?

Institutional processes for regulating government-nonprofit relations in the U.S. are experiencing substantial growth, particularly at the state level. First, cabinet-level nonprofit “tsars” are being appointed by state governments as point persons for communication and coordination with nonprofits. Second, high-level cross-sector task forces are being established to examine the current relations between the sectors and to recommend reforms in regulatory and oversight processes. Third, nonprofit industry associations are developing statements of operating standards that seek to promote greater discipline in operations. These processes are potentially harbingers of the creation of new institutionalized relationship systems (IRS). This paper examines the emergence of these new institutional arrangements, analyzes their short-term impacts and speculates about their durability.