Modal Sosial dalam Pengelolaan BUMG di Gampong Trieng Gadeng Aceh Timur

Social capital can be one of the factors or forces that support the empowerment process in the community. This article aims to describe the role and elements of forming social capital in the management of BUMG in Trieng Gadeng Village, Darul Aman District, East Aceh. The qualitative method used and data obtained from observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the types of social capital in the management of BUMG are bounding and linking. Geuchik as an actor, support both types of social capital. Geuchik's leadership can make the elements of social capital work effectively, such as building trust between various parties, running the BUMG program following local norms, and building social networks. So, the social capital plays a role as a driving force for the birth of cooperation between the government, BUMG managers, and the community in the success of the program set by BUMG in Trieng Gadeng Village, East Aceh. Abstrak Modal sosial dapat menjadi salah satu faktor atau kekuatan yang mendukung proses pemberdayaan di dalam masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang peran dan unsur-unsur pembentuk modal sosial dalam pengelolaan BUMG di Gampong Trieng Gadeng, Kecamatan Darul Aman, Aceh Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dan data diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tipe modal sosial dalam pengelolaan BUMG adalah bounding dan linking. Kedua tipe modal sosial tersebut ditopang oleh seorang aktor yaitu pak Geuchik. Kepemimpinan Geuchik mampu membuat unsur-unsur modal sosial berjalan secara efektif seperti membangun kepercayaan antar berbagai pihak, menjalankan program BUMG sesuai dengan norma setempat dan juga membangun jaringan sosial. Dapat dinyatakan bahwa modal sosial berperan sebagai pendorong lahirnya kerjasama antara pemerintah, pengelola BUMG, dan masyarakat dalam menyukseskan program yang telah ditetapkan oleh BUMG di Gampong Trieng Gadeng, Aceh Timur.

When in Rome... on Local Norms and Sentencing Decisions

ABSTRACT We study spatial variation in criminal sentencing. We show the existence of local sentencing practices varying widely even across geographically proximate areas. Using compulsory rotation of judges in North Carolina, we find that judges arriving in a new court gradually converge towards local sentencing practices. We provide evidence that convergence in sentencing corresponds to a process of learning about local practices, which is accelerated by the presence of senior judges in the district, and that these sentencing practices are correlated with local norms of behavior. Finally, we discuss the theoretical implications of these results for the optimal design of judicial systems.

Applicability of Islamic Methodology Concerning Novel Issues to the Organ Transplantation in Religious Scholars’ Contemporary Discourse

Classical Islamic theology has laid down a meticulous and intricate methodology of dealing with novel issues from theological perspectives; to understand and actualise religious viewpoints regarding any matter or event that did not take place during the early formative period of Islamic Shari’ah, i.e., the lifetime of the Prophet (S.). During the later formative period, classical Islamic scholars developed several principles such as Qiyas (analogical deduction), Ijma’(consensus), Istihsan (public interest), ‘Urf (local norms) and so on, that all together would build the construct of the concept of Ijtihad (independent interpretation), and which would be carried out by competent religious scholars. Organ transplantation, of which organ donation is a conceptual component, is a contemporary issue that was not familiar among Muslim scholars in the early era. Therefore, it is the contemporary religious scholars’ responsibility to address this matter and bring Islamic judicial inference into the discussion. In doing so, some of the scholars differ in opinions. This paper aims to offer an introductory survey of the religious viewpoints on this issue, as presented by leading scholars from different schools of thought. This study will also include the judicial principles they have adopted in reaching those opinions. By doing so, this paper will introduce an overview of current and ongoing theological discourse on the matter of organ transplantation and donation.

Local Norms for Gifted and Talented Student Identification: Everything You Need to Know

Conversations over who should be identified as gifted continue perpetually both within the field and in the popular media. In this article, we focus on the use of local norms as one approach to gifted identification that can increase the equity of advanced educational programs and services while also better achieving their stated purpose of providing additional challenge to those students who need it. In this article, we define local norms, explain their purpose, provide examples of schools that have used local norms, discuss common challenges, and provide a tutorial and external resources on how schools can begin to use local norms as part of their gifted identification process.

Sharing (mis) information on social networking sites. An exploration of the norms for distributing content authored by others

This article explores the norms that govern regular users’ acts of sharing content on social networking sites. Many debates on how to counteract misinformation on Social Networking Sites focus on the epistemic norms of testimony, implicitly assuming that the users’ acts of sharing should fall under the same norms as those for posting original content. I challenge this assumption by proposing a non-epistemic interpretation of (mis) information sharing on social networking sites which I construe as infrastructures for forms of life found online. Misinformation sharing belongs more in the realm of rumour spreading and gossiping rather than in the information-giving language games. However, the norms for sharing cannot be fixed in advance, as these emerge at the interaction between the platforms’ explicit rules, local norms established by user practices, and a meta-norm of sociality. This unpredictability does not leave us with a normative void as an important user responsibility still remains, namely that of making the context of the sharing gesture explicit. If users will clarify how their gestures of sharing are meant to be interpreted by others, they will implicitly assume responsibility for possible misunderstandings based on omissions, and the harms of shared misinformation can be diminished.

About Local Rules of Law of Modern Russian Legislation

This scientific article is devoted to the problems of local norms of modern Russian law: its features, necessity and classification. Attention is drawn to those local rules of law that must necessarily be in enterprises. It is noted that the scope of the former is not limited only to the scope of labor law.