Three Different Legal Attitudes Towards Non-Marital Cohabitation in Europe

The rising number of people “just living together”, people who are neither married nor in registered partnerships, clearly demonstrates that non-marital unions can no longer be ignored. To obtain an accurate picture of the situation of non-marital partners it was essential to conduct comparative research of multiple legal orders. This analysis threw a new light (at least from the Polish standpoint) on possible solutions to the problem of the regulation of legal aspects of “living together”. It appears that three different legal attitudes towards non-marital cohabitation may be distinguished in Europe. Firstly, there are legal orders in which by virtue of an explicit reference by the legislator – the regulations on marriage are applied to cohabitation (quasi-marriage cohabitation). Secondly, there also exist countries in which a law was adopted regulating selected aspects of actual cohabitation (implied model of cohabitation). And thirdly, there are legal orders in which any cohabitant-oriented legal regime exists.

Gender aspects of gaslighting as a form of psychological violence in the family

The article reveals the problem of psychological violence in the family and considers the gender aspects of the manipulative phenomenon of gaslighting. Manipulations are aimed at forcing other people to perform exactly the actions that the manipulator needs. These actions lead to certain consequences that the manipulator wants to get in accordance with his motives. In a family relationship, the gaslight partner does not care what the victim partner wants and aspires to. It is important to him that others obey. Because the victim partner does not always agree to submit to this pressure, the gaslighter uses manipulation to indirectly influence the motivation, decisions and actions of the victim partner. Manipulative techniques are often veiled in such a way that the victim cannot understand the harmful effects that the partner has on him. The aim of the study was to study the concept of “gaslighting” in the environment of interpersonal relationships of marital partners; studies of gender features of gaslighting; identification of verbal and nonverbal means of manipulation characteristic of a gaslighter; development of practical recommendations on ways to counteract the gaslighter. The results of our study showed that destructive statements to victim partners characterize the specifics of gaslighting as a kind of psychological, emotional violence in family relationships. Women are more told about their mental illness, inferiority, humiliation, success. Men in their address more often hear from partners statements about the wrong perception of reality. The most common manifestations of gaslighting in the family relationships of respondents are: humiliation of the person by the partner, devaluation of feelings and the importance of important events, as well as the transfer of responsibility to the partner. Regarding the manipulative actions used by gaslight partners towards the respondents, we highlighted accusations from partners, ignoring feelings, verbal insults and rejection of the lifestyle of partner victims. The key strategies for resolving family conflicts that respondents use are rivalries and adaptations. In general, based on the results, we found that there is no gender variation in the use of gaslighting by marital partners in family relationships – since both women and men are equally faced with the manifestations of this phenomenon in the family Key words: gaslighting, manipulator, gaslighter partner, victim partner, psychological violence, family relations.

From phubee to phubber: the transmission of phone snubbing behavior between marital partners

PurposeThe ubiquity of mobile phone use has generated a common phenomenon called phubbing, a reference to snubbing someone in social settings and instead concentrating on one's phone. Despite numerous adverse effects of phubbing argued in previous research, the group of phubbers is growing intensively. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential transmission of phubbing between marital partners to raise public awareness of the propagation of phubbing.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave study with a 3-month interval was conducted, using matched husband–wife data from 253 Chinese couples. Husbands and wives separately completed questionnaires about their spouses’ phubbing and their marital quality. The dyadic data analysis method was applied to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe results confirm the transmission of phubbing and show a pronounced gender asymmetry in the process of phubbing transmission. Phubbing could be transmitted from wives to husbands, but not vice versa. Specifically, only wives' phubbing significantly undermine relationship quality, while relationship quality was negatively related to both husbands' phubbing and wives' phubbing.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism of phubbing transmission and provide support for reciprocity theory and social role theory. Results can cause public attention to the transmissibility of phubbing and provide enlightenment on the management of personal phone behavior and offer insight into research on technology use in other types of interpersonal relationships.

Instruments for studying socio-psychological factors in interpersonal communication dysfunction in marital conflicts

Introduction. The changing role of family in the society and the increased rate of divorce highlight the problem of socio-psychological factors that contribute to the emergence of marital conflicts caused by spouses' dysfunctional interpersonal communication. Aim: to determine a set of instruments for studying socio-psychological factors in interpersonal communication dysfunction in marital conflicts. Results. A proposed complex of instruments for studying of socio-psychological factors in interpersonal communication dysfunction in marital conflicts partners includes three groups of tools. The first group is aimed at studying the features of marriage partners' interpersonal interaction in conflict situations and their satisfaction with marriage. The second group includes focuses on studying micro-level socio-psychological factors (the characteristics of marital partners that affect their interpersonal communication in conflict situations). The third group consists of tools for studying meso-level socio-psychological factors (the features of family interaction with social environment and marriage partners' work-life balance, which can contribute to the emergence of marital partners' interpersonal communication dysfunction). Conclusions. The proposed set of instruments for studying the effects of socio-psychological factors on marriage partners' communication dysfunction in conflicts can be used by family counselors, family mediators, family therapists, and family coaches. The set of instruments can also be used for training future marriage partners, in particular, for marital conflict-management training.

Common Law-Marriages in Regulations of the States of the Former Yugoslav Republic // Vanbračne zajednice u propisima država bivše SFRJ

A marital union can be defined as a community of two faces of a different sex, which ends informally and in the same way ends. The authors will analyze the regulation of the constituent elements of the extramarital community in the countries of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as well as the possibility of inheriting extra-marital partners in the observed countries of the region. Since the beginning and termination of the extramarital community is not accompanied by any form, in practice it shows certain deficiencies and weaknesses. By introducing the registration of extramarital communities, numerous problems in practice will be solved, starting from proving the existence of an extramarital community, the commencement and termination of it, the establishment of the joint or special property of extra-marital partners and other legal consequences that may arise out of these circumstances.

Gender Ideology on Marriage in Contemporary Vietnam

This paper examines how conservative gender ideology affects Vietnamese men’s and women’s belief in marriage with a focus on the importance of marriage to their personhoodand aspirations for ideal marital partners. Since marriage is a both legal and social recognition for the foundation and maintenance of families in a society, studying gender ideology on marriage helps to identify differences in men’s and women’s perspectives over marriage and how those views can reflect gender equality in the domestic sphere. The data on which this paper is based are part of a larger research project, namely “Understanding Gender and Marriage Ideology in Contemporary Vietnam” which was conducted in 2015. The results of the study indicate that marriage is still highly important to both Vietnamese men and women. Marriage is not only a social recognition regarding people’s individual achievements and gender identities but also a type of economic investment (in children) for their old age. In relation to marriage aspirations, Vietnamese people still base on genderrole ideology, which highlights men’s and women’s distinctive roles in familial life, to select their marital partners. The persistence of Confucianism in Vietnamese society is the main source for Vietnamese people to set up criteria for their ideal partners.