Additive Manufacturing Under Lunar Gravity and Microgravity

Mankind is setting to colonize space, for which the manufacturing of habitats, tools, spare parts and other infrastructure is required. Commercial manufacturing processes are already well engineered under standard conditions on Earth, which means under Earth’s gravity and atmosphere. Based on the literature review, additive manufacturing under lunar and other space gravitational conditions have only been researched to a very limited extent. Especially, additive manufacturing offers many advantages, as it can produce complex structures while saving resources. The materials used do not have to be taken along on the mission, they can even be mined and processed on-site. The Einstein-Elevator offers a unique test environment for experiments under different gravitational conditions. Laser experiments on selectively melting regolith simulant are successfully conducted under lunar gravity and microgravity. The created samples are characterized in terms of their geometry, mass and porosity. These experiments are the first additive manufacturing tests under lunar gravity worldwide.

TAAL

Due to the globalization of semiconductor manufacturing and test processes, the system-on-a-chip (SoC) designers no longer design the complete SoC and manufacture chips on their own. This outsourcing of the design and manufacturing of Integrated Circuits (ICs) has resulted in several threats, such as overproduction of ICs, sale of out-of-specification/rejected ICs, and piracy of Intellectual Properties (IPs). Logic locking has emerged as a promising defense strategy against these threats. However, various attacks about the extraction of secret keys have undermined the security of logic locking techniques. Over the years, researchers have proposed different techniques to prevent existing attacks. In this article, we propose a novel attack that can break any logic locking techniques that rely on the stored secret key. This proposed TAAL attack is based on implanting a hardware Trojan in the netlist, which leaks the secret key to an adversary once activated. As an untrusted foundry can extract the netlist of a design from the layout/mask information, it is feasible to implement such a hardware Trojan. All three proposed types of TAAL attacks can be used for extracting secret keys. We have introduced the models for both the combinational and sequential hardware Trojans that evade manufacturing tests. An adversary only needs to choose one hardware Trojan out of a large set of all possible Trojans to launch the TAAL attack.

Development of the Technology of Soft Camembert-type Cheese with Flowery rind in Morocco

Camembert is a French cheese characterized by a soft paste and a flowery rind. Morocco imports camembert cheese paste as a raw material. Today, Moroccan cheese manufacturers are looking to uncover the secrets associated with making Camembert cheese including the ones facilitating the smooth running of the stages of its manufacture. In Morocco, this type of cheese is scarce, not fully enumerated and no studies have been conducted on it as of yet. This is why we tried to manufacture this type of cheese in the laboratory to valorize it in Morocco due to its growing importance in the international market. The objective of this work is the optimization of the production of soft cheese with a flowery rind such as Camembert, while determining the quantity of microorganisms used for the fermentation of milk. Four types of industrial ferments with pre-established doses were used in addition to rennet. Fifteen cheese samples were made. The physico-chemical parameters checked during the manufacturing tests were fat content, pH and titratable acidity. The results show that the production of cheese requires the use of milk of good microbiological quality as well as the selection of specific ferments depending on the type of cheese to make. The best amount of the ferments used to make Camembert-type cheese during this work is: from 0.6% to 0.8% mesophilic if the viability rate is more than 3.73 x102, 0.3 % to 0.4% thermophilic if the viability rate is more than 3.95 x 103, 1% to 5% yeast if the viability rate is more than 2.60 x 103 , and 2% to 10% mesophilic if the viability rate is more than 3.30 x 103. The most effective dose formula is two doses of Mesophiles for one dose of Thermophile. Or two doses of Penicillium Candidum mold for one dose of Geotrichum Candidum yeast. The microbiological quality of the milk used in this work and the cheese produced during this work is generally acceptable and conforms to Moroccan standards. During each Camembert production, whey quantity was measured. Cheese yield was determined by measuring cheese portions before and after ripening from a known quantity of milk. The sensory properties of dairy products are defined by their appearance, texture and flavor and are ultimately evaluated by tasting panels from the Agronomic and Veterinary Institute of Rabat.

Assessment of the stability of parameters and reliability of power equipment of thermal power plants during their production and tests

Technological processes for the manufacture of blades for steam turbines and their tests, including vibration tests, are considered. A statistical method is proposed for monitoring the stability of the parameters of the blades during manufacture and tests. A methodic for controlling the stability of the parameters of manufacturing processes, tests and reliability control is developed. Keywords: stability, parameter, blades, manufacturing, tests, control chart, tolerance, deviations, statistical information. [email protected]

Microchannel filter for air purification

In this study, we propose a new design for a microchannel filter. The closed indoor environments with which we interact daily are sources of diseases for the respiratory system of human beings. Recommendations for the design of microchannel filters for indoor air purification are proposed, implementing low-cost microequipment technology (MET) for the manufacture of the elements that constitute a microfiltration system. For the microchannel filter production, we proposed to use MET, which is a miniaturization technology and can reduce manufacturing costs. The microchannel filter was 3.75 cm in radius with a thickness of 3 mm. It had a triangular profile and a helical trajectory. It was designed, manufactured, and tested for two profile dimensions. The main purpose was to reduce the pressure drop of the air flow through the filter. We described the air flow simulation for the microchannel filter using SolidWorks. A prototype microchannel filter was constructed, which underwent manufacturing tests. It is possible to clean the microchannel using water flow, which allows us to maintain the filtration quality within an optimum range of contaminant removal.

Advanced OoA and Automated Technologies for the Manufacturing of a Composite Outer Wing Box

This work resumes the results achieved until today in the European project AirGreen 2 of Clean Sky 2 programme, deriving from the application of two different dry preforming processes for the manufacturing of a composite outer wing box of the next generation turboprop aircrafts. Liquid Resin Infusion and Out of Autoclave techniques, by Hand-Layup and Automated Fiber Placement, are considered. The optimisation and validation of the manufacturing processes have been done according to key performance indexes: weight and cost reduction, lower energy consumption, high productivity and minimal reworking time, less intensive labour, minimal scrap and less waste of materials. The work has been performed through manufacturing tests and optimisation of the process parameters, implementation of several bagging techniques, numerical simulations of the infusion process and material characterization tests in operative conditions, from coupons level up to details and elements level (flat stiffened panels). Pro and cons, suggestions and technical considerations useful for the next step of the project (final manufacturing of large parts and components) are assessed.

Paradigm change in hydrogel sensor manufacturing: from recipe-driven to specification-driven process optimization

The volume production of industrial hydrogel sensors lacks a quality-assuring manufacturing technique for thin polymer films with reproducible properties. Overcoming this problem requires a paradigm change from the current recipe-driven manufacturing process to a specification-driven one. This requires techniques to measure quality-determining hydrogel film properties as well as tools and methods for the control and optimization of the manufacturing process. In this paper we present an approach that comprehensively addresses these issues. The influence of process parameters on the hydrogel film properties and the resulting sensor characteristics have been assessed by means of batch manufacturing tests and the application of several measurement techniques. Based on these investigations, we present novel methods and a tool for the optimization of the cross-linking process step, with the latter being crucial for the sensor sensitivity. Our approach is applicable to various sensor designs with different hydrogels. It has been successfully tested with a sensor solution for surface technology based on PVA/PAA hydrogel as sensing layer and a piezoelectric thickness shear resonator as transducer. Finally, unresolved issues regarding the measurement of hydrogel film parameters are outlined for future research.