Protected Geographical Indications for EVOO in Tunisia: Towards Environmental, Social, and Economic Sustainable Development

In a globalized scenario characterized by cogent challenges, sustainable development represents a fundamental objective, according to the agenda of policymakers. This is particularly true with regard to farming, and those agricultural systems that are fully consistent with sustainability in society (health, employment), environment (methane emission, water resource and so on), and economy (source of wealth). Tunisia is one of the world’s top olive oil-producing countries. It is also the country with the largest certified organic olive-producing areas in the world. Moreover, a larger volume of Tunisian olive oil is produced using nearly organic practices, without actually being certified. Given the growing demand for certified products, Tunisia should strengthen its market position by building on its reputation for sustainable farming, through the promotion and the creation of new geographic indications for EVOO. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of GIs and how such kinds of labeling can be more effective, operational, and sustainable, to support the country’s development strategy in this sector. Through an ad hoc quanti-qualitative analysis of Tunisian olive oil value chain, representative of the natural resources, the deep understanding of cultures and traditions of the country, a comprehensive and precise SWOT analysis carried out on the Tunisian olive sector has been performed. This study bears significance as it depicts a specific roadmap that should allow a better application and extension of GI’s initiatives referring to the three pillars of Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, and by building on the position of Tunisia as an organic origin focusing on five strategic lines: organizational and institutional framework; capacity building improvement; communication and networking roles; the role of TIC and the emergence of new opportunities; financial and support products availability. The final outcome should also aim to shorten the distances between all stakeholders to achieve the goals of the 2030 Agenda in the Mediterranean basin, by removing behavioral and institutional barriers that inhibit the transformations needed to achieve more sustainable economies and societies, by means of a cross-disciplinary dialogue around olive oil chain sustainability and narrowing the gap between research and policymakers.

Perlindungan Hukum Potensi Indikasi Geografis Guna Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat (Studi pada Kabupaten Trenggalek)

Geographical indications give a role to the community regarding added value proposition, quality, and property to increase the competitiveness of a product. The purpose of this research is to find and develop potential Geographical Indication in the Trenggalek Regency. Finding means acquiring new knowledge, developing the meaning of expanding, and digging deeper into existing realities. The legal approach used in this research is juridical empirical. The type of research is descriptive, and data collection uses the method of literature study, and empirical legal research, the method of analysis used is qualitative. The results of a study on the legal protection of geographic indications in the Trenggalek Regency show that there are problems that the government must resolve. Because the community and government of Trenggalek Regency have not registered potential geographic indications in their area, the legal protection of potential geographical indications in Trenggalek Regency can be preventive or repressive. Indikasi geografis memberikan peran terhadap masyarakat tentang adanya nilai lebih pada suatu produk yang ditawarkan, baik dari segi kualitas maupun dari segi properti yang dapat meningkatkan daya saing suatu produk. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menemukan dan mengembangkan potensi Indikasi Geografis ada kabupaten Trenggalek. Menemukan berarti memperoleh pengetahuan yang baru, mengembangkan maksudnya memperluas dan menggali lebih dalam realitas yang sudah ada. Pendekatan ilmu hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu yuridis empiris, jenis penelitiannya adalah deskriptif, pengumpulan data menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dan penelitian hukum empiris, metode analisis yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Hasil kajian tentang perlindungan hukum indikasi geografis yang berada di Kabupaten Trenggalek menunjukkan bahwa terdapat persoalan yang harus diselesaikan pemerintah, hal tersebut dikarenakan masyarakat dan pemerintah Kabupaten Trenggalek belum mendaftarkan potensi indikasi geografis yang terdapat di wilayahnya. Kemudian perlindungan hukum potensi indikasi geografis di Kabupaten Trenggalek dapat dilakukan secara preventif maupun secara represif.

APLIKASI UV SPECTROSCOPY DAN METODE SIMCA UNTUK KLASIFIKASI KOPI LIBERIKA TUNGKAL JAMBI DAN KOPI LIBERIKA PROBOLINGGO

Tungkal Composite Jambi Liberika Coffee is one of the top qualities of Indonesian coffees that has received a geographic indication certificate (IGs). With its limited production and high prices, currently Tungkal Jambi Liberika coffee is one of the coffees that is prone to being counterfeited. The counterfeiting of Tungkal Jambi Liberika coffee is increasingly difficult to identify, especially in the form of ground roasted coffee. This study evaluated the potential application of UV spectroscopy technology to classify Tungkal Jambi Liberika coffee (with geographic indications) and normal Probolinggo Liberika coffee (non- geographic indications). A total of 120 samples for each Liberika coffee were prepared weighing 1 gram for each sample. Spectra measurements were carried out in the form of a coffee solution. Spectral data were taken using a UV-visible spectrometer with a wavelength interval of 200-400 nm (Genesys™ 10S UV-Vis, Thermo Scientific, USA). By using the average transformed spectra in the 250-350 nm interval, the differences between the two types of Liberika coffee can be clearly seen, especially at some wavelength peaks, namely 270 nm, 300 nm, 315 nm and 346 nm. The classification accuracy obtained for the SIMCA classification is 100% for both Tungkal Jambi Liberika and Probolinggo Liberika coffee. Keywords: authentication, classification accuracy, Tungkal Jambi Liberika coffee, SIMCA, UV Spectroscopy

HAMBATAN PENDAFTARAN INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS TAHU SUMEDANG SEBAGAI ASET POTENSIAL DAERAH

The purpose of this paper is to examine the barriers to registering geographic indications of Sumedang as potential regional assets. The research method used in the research is normative juridical research which means that it is carried out by examining library materials or secondary materials, then analyzing issues concerning Geographical Indications and their benefits to the area of ​​origin. The results of the analysis raise 2 themes discussed here, barriers to registering geographical indications of Sumedang tofu, as well as the impact on product listing as geographic indications. A study of these two themes is very useful in understanding the importance of registering geographic indications as well as the benefits generated by protecting Geographical Indications. Keywords : Geographical Indications, Sumedang, Benefits of Geographical Indications

KENDALA DALAM PENDAFTARAN PERLINDUNGAN INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS

Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk dapat diketahuinya kendala-kendala apa yang dihadapi dalam rangka perlindungan Indikasi Geografis serta prinsip yang terkandung didalamnya. Metode penelitian yang dipakai untuk pembuatan jurnal ini yakni metode penelitian hukum normatif dan pendekatan yang dipakai adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pendaftaran Indikasi Geografis yaitu yang pertama masyarakat yang tidak mengetahui perlindungan Indikasi Geografis. Kedua, pemerintah yang tidak aktif dalam pembinaan produk potensi Indikasi Geografis. Ketiga, produk hukum yang terdapat kekaburan norma, selain itu juga terdapat prinsip keadilan, ekonomi, kebudayaan serta sosial. The aim of this study is to discern what obstacles are encountered in order to protect the geographic indications and principles embodied in them. Vang’s research method is used for journal namely normative law study method and vang morbidity is legislation approach. Results obtained research indicates that vang obstacles are encountered in geographic indication registration the first society that does not know the protection of geographical indications. Second, governments that are dormant in the manufacturing of products potential geographic indications. Third, a product of laws with a diffusion of norms. Besides principles of justice, economics, culture and social.

Economic Implications of Protecting Regional Reputations

This article develops a theoretical model to analyze how policies such as regional labeling, geographic indications, and quality standards affect welfare when firms have a collective reputation corresponding to a region. The tradeoff is between consumer information and protection of the regional names against the effect of supply restriction, which is often considered to be collusive behavior. Regional labeling is found to increase quality for all firms and increases profits for firms in the high-quality producing region, although the effect on profits for firms in the low-quality producing region is ambiguous. Quality standards may also increase quality and profits in all regions, but can also be used as a way to restrict imports if standards are too high. Quotas can also alleviate the collective information problem and increase profits, but does so at the expense of consumers. We argue that clear labeling and achievable standards are preferable to import quotas due to consumer surplus.