Understanding the Māori Television Service’s Policy and Legislation: The First Ten Years

<p>he Māori Television Service emerged in 2004 after many years of political agitation by Māori for the New Zealand government to protect and promote Māori language and culture. Given the subsequent broadcaster’s role in promoting te reo me ngā tikanga Māori, this research project seeks to answer the questions: what strategies for language revitalisation are revealed in the Māori Television Service’s governing policy documents produced from 2003-2013, and how are the Māori Television Service’s strategies for language revitalisation informed by the operating environment of the broadcaster? To answer these questions, discourse analysis of the Māori Television Service’s governing policy documents, and those which inform it, is used to reveal the broadcaster’s strategies for language revitalisation. These documents are contextualised in relation to the wider Māori language struggle, the New Zealand broadcast industry, and socio-political, cultural and economic shifts between 2003 and 2013. Such contextualisation demonstrates the purpose of the broadcaster’s strategies for language revitalisation, how and why these strategies have changed and how these shifts reflect the Māori Television Service’s negotiation of different stakeholders. Research findings suggest that the Māori Television Service has deployed a range of strategies that enable it to meet its legislative obligations as well as respond to community and industry stakeholders. These strategies include building an audience for its language programming content, operating as a financially prudent Māori organisation, and developing programming strategies in light of technological shifts. The thesis argues that these strategies contribute to the naturalisation and normalisation of te reo me ngā tikanga Māori within the national imaginary, and that these reflect key tactics for language revitalisation as set out in the 2003 Māori Language Strategy. The thesis also identifies a shift from the Māori Television Service’s focus on language programming quantity to language programming quality, and a shift to focusing on te reo speakers over a broad viewer base, across the ten year period of the broadcaster’s existence. The thesis aligns these more recent language programming strategies in relation to current changes in language revitalisation activities. In revealing the competing pressures faced by the broadcaster, this thesis highlights the role the Māori Television Service has played in increasing the symbolic value of te reo Māori, as well as how it has contributed to language revitalisation strategies in sectors beyond broadcasting.</p>

Understanding the Māori Television Service’s Policy and Legislation: The First Ten Years

<p>he Māori Television Service emerged in 2004 after many years of political agitation by Māori for the New Zealand government to protect and promote Māori language and culture. Given the subsequent broadcaster’s role in promoting te reo me ngā tikanga Māori, this research project seeks to answer the questions: what strategies for language revitalisation are revealed in the Māori Television Service’s governing policy documents produced from 2003-2013, and how are the Māori Television Service’s strategies for language revitalisation informed by the operating environment of the broadcaster? To answer these questions, discourse analysis of the Māori Television Service’s governing policy documents, and those which inform it, is used to reveal the broadcaster’s strategies for language revitalisation. These documents are contextualised in relation to the wider Māori language struggle, the New Zealand broadcast industry, and socio-political, cultural and economic shifts between 2003 and 2013. Such contextualisation demonstrates the purpose of the broadcaster’s strategies for language revitalisation, how and why these strategies have changed and how these shifts reflect the Māori Television Service’s negotiation of different stakeholders. Research findings suggest that the Māori Television Service has deployed a range of strategies that enable it to meet its legislative obligations as well as respond to community and industry stakeholders. These strategies include building an audience for its language programming content, operating as a financially prudent Māori organisation, and developing programming strategies in light of technological shifts. The thesis argues that these strategies contribute to the naturalisation and normalisation of te reo me ngā tikanga Māori within the national imaginary, and that these reflect key tactics for language revitalisation as set out in the 2003 Māori Language Strategy. The thesis also identifies a shift from the Māori Television Service’s focus on language programming quantity to language programming quality, and a shift to focusing on te reo speakers over a broad viewer base, across the ten year period of the broadcaster’s existence. The thesis aligns these more recent language programming strategies in relation to current changes in language revitalisation activities. In revealing the competing pressures faced by the broadcaster, this thesis highlights the role the Māori Television Service has played in increasing the symbolic value of te reo Māori, as well as how it has contributed to language revitalisation strategies in sectors beyond broadcasting.</p>

Increasing the Power of Intergenerational Programs: Advancing an Evaluation Tool

Intergenerational practitioners responding to a 2018 national survey identified a need for evidence-informed evaluation tools to measure program impact. The Best Practices (BP) Checklist, a 14-item (yes/no) measure assessing the extent to which an intergenerational program session maintained effective intergenerational strategies, may help meet this need. Yet, researchers have not validated the measure. In this study, we begin the empirical validation process by completing an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the BP Checklist to offer insight into possible item reduction and an underlying latent factor structure. Using BP Checklist data from 132 intergenerational activities, we found a 13-item, 3-factor structure, reflecting dimensions of: (a) pairing intergenerational participants, (b) person-centered strategies (e.g., selecting activities reflecting participants’ interests), and (c) staff knowledge of participants. Our study represents a foundational step toward optimizing intergenerational program evaluation, thereby enhancing programming quality.

MOOC Quality Design Criteria for Programming and Non-Programming Students

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality design criteria for developing a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). Currently, there are limited studies that highlight the required design criteria for the MOOC programming courses. A descriptive analysis was conducted to examine the characteristics of the three important quality design criteria which are (i) Instructional Design Criteria involving Lecture Organization and Culture; (ii) Technical Criteria involving User Interface, Video Content, Learning and Social Tools, and Learning Analytics; and (iii) E-Assessment. The data were collected from 306 respondents, representing the UUM MOOC students of 2018 class, were further analyzed using the T-Test hypothesis testing to determine whether both the programming and non-programming students require the same quality design criteria. The questionnaire used in this study consists of 46 items related to the MOOC quality design criteria that were adapted from previous studies. The results indicate that out of the nine constructs, four have obtained significant differences in the mean scores, namely the Video Content, Instructional Design, Culture, and E-assessment. This signifies that different quality design criteria are needed for both the programming and non-programming students. The outcome of this study may assist the developers in designing the MOOC by providing the required criteria according to its importance. Keywords: Instructional Design, MOOC, non-Programming, Programming, Quality Design

Three Contrasting Pairs’ Collaborative Programming Processes in China’s Secondary Education

Pair programming is a collaborative learning mode to foster novice learners’ computer programming. Previous empirical research has reported contrasting conclusions about the effect of pair programming on student learning. To further understand students’ pair programming, this study uses a mixed method to analyze three contrasting pairs’ collaborative behaviors, discourses, and perceptions from a multi-dimensional perspective. The analysis results show that the high-ranked student pair is characterized as the interactive, socially-supportive, and goal-oriented pair; the middle-ranked student pair is characterized as the highly-interactive, socially-supportive, and process-oriented pair; and the low-ranked student pair is characterized as the lowly-interactive, socially-unsupportive, and programming-distracted pair. The research reveals complex relations between collaborative behaviors, discourses, and performances, which have critical influences on students’ pair programming quality. Based on the results, this research proposes pedagogical, analytical, and theoretical implications for future instructional design, learning analytics, and empirical research of collaborative programming.

MRCC-Measuring Reusability Based on Coupling and Cohesion Methodology

The component based reusability framework is a procedure of reusing pre-manufactured programming segments to assemble new programming and upgrading the exactness of the techniques for deciding them. The software reuse is principally used to diminish time and spares assets in programming improvement. The product segments are shared and help to lessen the expense of advancement. In existing framework a drawback is the product segment dependent on their nonfunctional reasonableness has been dismissed to an incredible territory. This paper proposes another arrangement of measurements of Fusing and Stability (CC) to determine code scalability frameworks. Coupling and cohesion measures are utilized in different exercises, for example, sway investigation, evaluating the issue inclination of classes, issue forecast, re-modularization, distinguishing of programming part, structure designs, surveying programming quality and so on. It is achievable to infer a productive and hearty reusability forecast model utilizing programming measurements. The product measurement is utilized to improve the nature of programming during the advancement procedure. There are three parts of programming measurements are built up they measure how much substances are coupled one another, it assesses coupling and attachment relationship and lessens the multifaceted nature of classes and techniques. The java is utilized as an assessment instrument for estimating programming measurements and approving the measurements. The experimental results demonstrate the new measurements are reliably prevalent at estimating and positioning the application part of reusability

An empirical evaluation of metrics on aspect-oriented programs

The quality evaluation of software metrics measurement is considered as the primary indicator of imperfection prediction and software maintenance in various empirical studies of software products. However, there is no agreement on which metrics are compelling quality pointers for new software development approaches such as aspect-oriented programming (AOP) techniques. AOP intends to enhance programming quality by providing fundamentally different parts of the systems, for example, pointcuts, advice, and intertype relationships. Hence, it is not evident if quality characteristics for AOP could be extracted from direct expansions of traditional object-oriented programming (OOP) measurements. Then again, investigations of AOP do regularly depend on established static and dynamic metrics measurement; notwithstanding the late research of AOP in empirical studies, few analyses been adopted using the International Organization for Standardization 9126 quality model as useful markers of flaw inclination in this context. This paper examination we have considered different programming quality models given by various authors every once in a while and distinguished that adaptability was deficient in the current model. We have testing 10 projects developed by AOP. We have used many applications to extract the metrics, but none of them could extract all AOP Metrics. It only can measure some of AOP Metrics, not all of them. This study investigates the suitable framework for extract AOP Metrics, for instance, static and dynamic metrics measurement for hybrid application systems (AOP and OOP) or only AOP application.

Reverse engineering approach for improving the quality of mobile applications

BackgroundPortable-devices applications (Android applications) are becoming complex software systems that must be developed quickly and continuously evolved to fit new user requirements and execution contexts. Applications must be produced rapidly and advance persistently in order to fit new client requirements and execution settings. However, catering to these imperatives may bring about poor outline decisions on design choices, known as anti-patterns, which may possibly corrupt programming quality and execution. Thus, the automatic detection of anti-patterns is a vital process that facilitates both maintenance and evolution tasks. Additionally, it guides developers to refactor their applications and consequently enhance their quality.MethodsWe proposed a general method to detect mobile applications’ anti-patterns that can detect both semantic and structural design anti-patterns. The proposed method is via reverse-engineering and ontology by using a UML modeling environment, an OWL ontology-based platform and ontology-driven conceptual modeling. We present and test a new method that generates the OWL ontology of mobile applications and analyzes the relationships among object-oriented anti-patterns and offer methods to resolve the anti-patterns by detecting and treating 15 different design’s semantic and structural anti-patterns that occurred in analyzing of 29 mobile applications. We choose 29 mobile applications randomly. Selecting a browser is not a criterion in this method because the proposed method is applied on a design level. We demonstrate a semantic integration method to reduce the incidence of anti-patterns using the ontology merging on mobile applications.ResultsThe proposed method detected 15 semantic and structural design anti-patterns which have appeared 1,262 times in a random sample of 29 mobile applications. The proposed method introduced a new classification of the anti-patterns divided into four groups. “The anti-patterns in the class group” is the most group that has the maximum occurrences of anti-patterns and “The anti-patterns in the operation group” is the smallest one that has the minimum occurrences of the anti-patterns which are detected by the proposed method. The results also showed the correlation between the selected tools which we used as Modelio, the Protégé platform, and the OLED editor of the OntoUML. The results showed that there was a high positive relation between Modelio and Protégé which implies that the combination between both increases the accuracy level of the detection of anti-patterns. In the evaluation and analyzing the suitable integration method, we applied the different methods on homogeneous mobile applications and found that using ontology increased the detection percentage approximately by 11.3% in addition to guaranteed consistency.

“Analyzing the Effect with Integrated Technique for Feature Selection and Software Defect Prediction”

software defect prediction (sdp) technique was projected to designate testing assets sanely, decide the testing want of assorted modules of the software system, and improve programming quality. By utilizing the implications of sdp, programming specialists will fruitfully pass judgment on it that software system modules area unit sure to be blemished, the conceivable range of imperfections in a very module or different information known with software system defects before testing the software system [1]. Existing sdp studies may be divided into four types: (1) classification, (2) regression, (3) mining association rules, (4) ranking. The primary aim of the primary class is to classification of the software system entities like functions, classes, files, etc into completely different levels of severity with the assistance of various applied math techniques like supply regression [2] and discriminant analysis [3] and techniques of machine learning like svm [4] and ann [5]. The second kind aims to assess the amount of imperfections within the components of the software system by victimisation completely different ways, for instance, genetic programming, and support vector regression [6]. The third category utilizes association rule mining approaches, for instance, relative affiliation rule [7], and also the cba2 algorithmic rule, to mine the affiliation between the errors of programming components and programming measurements. The fourth category contemplates to rank the product of the software system as per the amount of errors in components or specifically streamlining the performance of ranking, i.e., faults share average (fpa) as indicated by existing studies of sdp [8]. Sdp distinguishes the modules that area unit imperfect and it needs a large scope of testing. Early recognizable proof of a blunder prompts viable allotment of assets, decreases the time and value of developing software system of high-quality. Hence, associate degree sdp model assumes a vital job in comprehending, assessing and rising the character of a product framework. Consequently, predicting deformity is incredibly basic within the field of reliableness and quality of software system. Predicting the defects is almost a unique analysis space of programming quality planning. By covering key indicators, forms of info to be assembled and also the role of sdp in software system quality, the connection among predictor and defect may be established