Tempe Flour Increase The Amount of Erythrocytes of White Male Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Strain Induced by Cigarette Smoke

Cigarette smoke was one of the free radical sources for the body. Free radical contain in cigarette smoke were hydroxide radicals (•OH). Hydroxide radicals would cause erythrocytes damage. Antioxidants were substances that can prevent free radicals. Now, natural antioxidants source has developed, one of that is tempe because it contains antioxidants substances such as carotene, Vitamin E, isoflavone, and factor II antioxidants. The aim of this study is knowing the influence of giving tempe flour toward the amount of erythrocytes of white male rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain induced by cigarette smoke. The experiment used a post-test only-control group design method. The samples were white male rats Wistar strain aged of 3 to 4 months as much 30 rats with weight around 180-220 gram. The samples divided into three groups, that were control group (K1), treatment group 1 (K2), and treatment group 2 (K3), each group consists of 10 rats. Control group was not given any treatment, it only got a standard feed, treatment group 1 got treatment and it was induced by cigarette smoke. Furthermore, treatment group 2 got standard feed, it was induced by cigarette smoke and was given tempe. Analysis of data used one-way anova showed the significance p-value = 0,036 that was <α (0,05). The result showed giving tempe flour increase the amounts of erythrocytes of white male rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain which was induced by cigarette smoke. Keywords: cigarette smoke, free radicals, erythrocytes, antioxidants, tempe

A novel Pt(iv) mono azido mono triazolato complex evolves azidyl radicals following irradiation with visible light

A novel PtIV azido triazolato complex exists as an equilibrium between two species in d3-MeCN and evolves azide radicals (but not hydroxide radicals) when irradiated with visible light.

Antihypertensive and Antioxidant Properties of Sialic Acid, the Major Component of Edible Bird's Nests

Sialic acid, the major component of edible bird's nests, was evaluated for its hypotensive and antioxidant activities. In the mesenteric arteries with complete endothelium but not with stripped off endothelium, sialic acid exhibited a dose-dependent relaxant effect suggesting a strong antihypertensive effect. In addition, sialic acid exhibited free radical elimination ability with a stronger scavenging ability for hydroxide radicals compared to DPPH radicals. In conclusion, the results presented herein provide a basis for clinical investigations into application of sialic acid as functional food for management of hypertension.

Critical Review of Water Radiolysis Processes, Dissociation Products, and Possible Impacts on the Local Environment: A Geochemist

Radiolysis of water is the process whereby water dissociates due to various types of ionizing radiation (α, β, and γ) into hydrogen and hydroxide radicals (instead of hydrogen and hydroxide ions as in ionization). During radiolysis, water breaks down to highly reactive radicals such as •OH, •H, eaq–, HO2, and O2–• and molecular species such as H2, O2, and H2O2. Yields of these dissociation products are largely dependent on factors including the type of radiation, vapour pressure of the system, and linear energy transfer. These dissociated radicals are highly reactive and can affect the local environment by changing redox conditions and, in turn, inducing and enhancing metal mobility in the environment. This article reviews the process of water radiolysis, dissociation products, and possible effects on the environment.

Modeling of NOx and CO Reactions for Commercial Scale Pulverized Coal Firing Boilers

The NOx-CO reaction model was developed for commercial scale pulverized coal firing boilers. The model was used to decide optimize combustion performance and it featured simplified sub models of NOx reduction, pyrolysis and CO oxidation. To improve combustion performance of commercial scale pulverized boilers, it is most important to predict the distribution of NOx and CO concentrations and search for the best conditions in a short time. The NOx reduction sub model was developed for both volatile and char combustion. The pyrolysis sub model was developed from a comparison of Distributed Activation Energy Model results and experimental data. The CO oxidation sub model was characterized by its consideration of the effect of hydroxide radicals. The simulation gave a lower CO oxidation rate for a long reaction time, the same as the actual result. The NOx-CO reaction model successfully analyzed NOx and CO concentration distributions of commercial scale boilers for power plants (260–1000MW).

Neopterin, Dihydroneopterin, Tetrahydroneopterin: Different Structures-Increasing Capacity Cleaving the Porphyrin in Heme Proteins

Neopterin, 7,8-dihydroneopterin and 5,6,7,8-terahydroneopterm are secreted by human macrophages after activation by interferon-γ. The biological stability of the reduced pterins is less than one hour and therefore distinctly lower than that of neopterin. Ptendme derivatives are known to act as enhancers as well as scavengers of radical mediated processes. The effects of the three pteridines were investigated on hemoglobin and myoglobin, biomolecules that generate reactive oxygen species themselves. The amounts of liberated carbon monoxide and non heme iron stemming from the cleaved porphyrin were quantified. Iron and carbon monoxide were yielded at equimolar concentrations with a con-elation coefficients greater 0.9. Dihydroneopterin and tetrahydroneopterin were assumed to reduce the heme iron in intact heme molecules creating the conditions for adducting carbon monoxide and additionally the subsequent generation of hydroxide radicals via autooxidation. The effect of neopterin under these experimental concentrations was rather weak.