KAJIAN FENOMENOLOGI TERHADAP PAK ONLINE BAGI KAUM LANSIA DI GSRI JAKARTA DALAM MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Penelitian ini mengkaji persepsi dan pengalaman lansia dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan agama Kristen secara online di gereja sebagai dampak dari pembatasan sosial pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Subyek penelitian adalah lansia di Gereja Santapan Rohani Indonesia (GSRI) Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik yang dikemukakan oleh Clark Moustakas yaitu sintesis dan esensi makna. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kaum lansia dapat menikmati program pendidikan agama Kristen secara online di gereja walau mereka mengalami sejumlah tantangan dan keterbatasan. Kegiatan pendidikan agama Kristen secara online di gereja juga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan rohani para lansia. Tetapi untuk mengikuti kegiatan online seperti itu membutuhkan fokus dan kesungguhan yang luar biasa. Kegiatan online itu juga tidak bisa menghadirkan sejumlah elemen kegiatan tatap muka yang mereka rindukan, sehingga para lansia berharap situasi segera membaik dan mereka segera mengikuti kegiatan gereja secara tatap muka kembali.

THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF PHENOMENOLOGY AS A RESEARCH METHOD

In the philosophical tradition, phenomenology is a means by which random, raw phenomena are categorized into what can be called human experience. Phenomenology is a school of thought within ontology which focuses on the nature of existence. Edmund Husserls view of phenomenology proposed that to understand the world, one should examine the lens through which he/she experiences the world as opposed to attempting to examine the world itself. The application of this idea first expanded to the discipline of psychology by researchers such as Amedeo Giorgi and Clark Moustakas and more recently has been more widely applied to the social sciences as a whole.Possessing an understanding of the philosophy and psychology traditions behind phenomenology greatly increases a researchers ability to implement it as a qualitative research method.

Hermeneutic Phenomenology: Essence in Educational Research

This article shows how and why hermeneutic phenomenological research can promote knowledge and understanding in research practices in education. The main focus of the article is aimed to provide rich textual descriptions of the experiencing of selected phenomena in the life world of individuals that are able to connect with the experience of all. It gives a brief overview of hermeneutic phenomenology and discuss its use in research work in education. The paper also presents on the diverse field of application, recent developments and the essence of hermeneutic phenomenological in education research. The article further examines the philosophical standpoint and establishes its linkages with various other methodologies. Finally, paper concludes with Clark Moustakas phenomenological data analysis for the analysis of the gathered data consisting three main components: phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation, and synthesis to come to the conclusion. This article demonstrates and explores the value of hermeneutics as a credible, rigorous, and creative way to address the different aspects of professional practices and how hermeneutic phenomenology is useful in studying the personal and social facets of making psychological knowledge and searching for philosophical truth as a research methods in educational research.

A percepção da desinstitucionalização pelos profissionais da saúde mental na práxis no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial no contexto brasileiro

A Reforma Psiquiátrica trouxe mudança de paradigma na atenção psicossocial com relação aos processos de reorganização do modelo assistencial e às práticas cotidianas nos serviços substitutivos. Considerando a interdisciplinaridade como estratégia importante para a organização do trabalho nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) torna-se relevante descrever, contextualizar e elucidar as percepções dos profissionais de saúde mental acerca da desinstitucionalização e as experiências vivenciadas no cuidado aos usuários atendidos nesse novo modelo assistencial. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva de campo, com abordagem qualitativa fenomenológica. Utilizou-se a entrevista fenomenológica para coleta de dados. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o método de Clark Moustakas e interpretação no referencial de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. O estudo foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). As categorias encontradas foram intituladas: 1ª) Os sentidos da desinstitucionalização para os profissionais do CAPS, e 2ª) A desinstitucionalização da existência humana do paciente. Na pesquisa descrevemos as percepções da equipe do CAPS e a interdisciplinaridade dos profissionais no desempenho dessa equipe no cotidiano, mostrando a importância dessa troca de saberes, opiniões e percepções entre os profissionais, na forma de cuidado mais humanizado, percebendo a singularidade e as possibilidades dos usuários inseridos no novo modelo assistencial que precisam ressignificar sua existência e reaprender a conviver em sociedade.

Songwriting and Human Shadow: Heuristic Inquiry Grounded in Art

This paper summarizes research first presented in an unpublished dissertation by the author (2005). A rigorous art-based, heuristic methodology in the tradition of Clark Moustakas (1990) examines the author’s own experiences with songwriting, spanning over 25 years. Compelling images reveal themselves in the inquiry in songs, dreams, painting, and sculpture as harbingers of human shadow, with undeniable auto-ethnographic features. A model for conceptualizing songwriting in particular and the creative process in general as vehicles for psychological understanding and healing is explored and described for art therapy and music therapy practitioners. The theoretical grounding emerging from this study pays homage to Hillman’s work (1977), highlighting an image’s autonomy, intent, and a sense of “otherness” owing to emergence from an imaginal realm (versus consensual reality). Images in this context are understood as not only visual but apparent in and able to be rendered through a variety of art modalities. The text highlights (and hyperlinks) a progression of original songs produced in the study, songs that parallel the academic learning and culminate in a final, musical “creative synthesis.” A complete song list, an index of images, and references are included.

El Análisis de Datos en la Investigación con El Método Fenomenológico

Este artículo se centra en el proceso de análisis de datos fenomenológicos, con una propuesta de modificación al modelo de análisis de Clark Moustakas (1994), presentando una discusión que busca fundamentar la propuesta. Se hace referencia a la vida del creador de la filosofía y método de investigación fenomenológica, Edmundo Husserl, y se introduce al filósofo Martín Heidegger quien amplío la investigación fenomenológica, fundamentando la interpretación de los datos fenomenológicos.

Researcher experience as an instrument of investigation of a phenomenon: An example of heuristic research

Heuristic investigation, one of the lesser-known qualitative research methods in Brazil, is presented as a phenomenological research design in an empirical study investigating the experience of singing. This article describes the six phases of the heuristic method: initial engagement, immersion, incubation, illumination, explication, and creative synthesis. The method was developed by Clark Moustakas (1923-2012), an American clinical psychologist who, together with other renowned scholars such as Carl R. Rogers and Abraham H. Maslow, also contributed to the birth of Humanistic Psychology. The heuristic inquiry is a unique method in which the lived experience of the researcher becomes the main focus of the study, and it is used as an instrument in the process of understanding a given phenomenon. This method recognizes the importance of intuition and tacit knowledge as elements that enable comprehending a phenomenon and its meanings.

La formación en psicología: una mirada desde los estudiantes

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender la experiencia de formación de los estudiantes de Psicología de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe – (CECAR) en Sincelejo, Sucre. El estudio fue financiado por esta misma institución de educación superior durante el segundo semestre de 2013 y primer semestre de 2014. El presente artículo gira alrededor de la conceptualización de la formación profesional en psicología, la metodología empleada y los hallazgos en cuanto a las tensiones frente a la formación y las satisfacciones durante el proceso formativo de los estudiantes. Cabe señalar que el diseño investigativo fue de corte cualitativo, usando los parámetros para estudios fenomenológicos propuestos por Clark Moustakas (1994). Las principales conclusiones de este estudio se refieren a la vivencia subjetiva de la formación profesional en términos de incertidumbres, expectativas, frustraciones y satisfacciones, agrupadas en dos categorías: a) tensiones durante la formación, b) satisfacciones durante la formación. Los estudiantes dejaron ver la importancia de la mediación docente y la relación dialógica para convertirse en profesional; a través de sus relatos se llegó a la esencia de lo que consideran un docente éxitoso y un programa de formación en psicología de calidad.

The Experiences of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders in College: A Heuristic Exploration

This inquiry was conducted to describe the experience of individuals with autism spectrum disorders who have experienced the higher education system. All participants have been diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder and experienced some aspect of the higher education system. Data was collected using primarily face to face interviews. The data was then analyzed using the heuristic methodology of Dr. Clark Moustakas (1990). Ultimately, many patterns and themes emerged from this analysis, culminating in a creative synthesis which sums up the experience. The themes showed the highs and lows of being a college student coupled with the experience of having a developmental disorder as an adult. The final creative synthesis focuses on the life altering changes that occur during the course of the higher education experience for students with autism spectrum disorders.