Curved display based on programming origami tessellations

Curved displays have recently become very popular, with wide applications for both industry and consumers. However, built upon initially flat films, most flexible displays are often incompatible with general nondevelopable surfaces. In this paper, we report a method for producing curved displays of nondevelopable shapes by using a structure-mechanics-inspired functional optimization method to design tessellation patterns that fold into the desired shapes. Representative displays in spherical and saddle shapes are demonstrated. The microfabrication process is employed for manufacturing 2D flexible foldable circuit boards, pick-and-place technology is used for placing illuminant elements onto the boards, and mold guidance is used for folding 2-D sheets into curved 3D display prototypes. The proposed technology is feasible for mass production and advances the application of next-generation curved displays.

Field Observations of Placement for Large-Panel Flat and Curved Displays for Presbyopic and Prepresbyopic Computer Users

Displays with panels larger than 30 inches are being provided to workers in corporate settings at an increasing rate. Additionally, some models are offered that have curved panels. This field study was designed to observe user selected position of 34 inch curved and flat displays and determine if there are positioning, user experience and satisfaction differences between pre-presbyopes and presbyope workers who have multifocal vision correction. The results indicate that participants position larger displays a little farther away than displays with a less than 30 inch diagonal. Newer, larger displays did not reduce reports of eye discomfort, but they did significantly reduce reports of neck and shoulder discomfort. Study participants preferred working with the curved display compared to the large flat display.

Understanding the Relationship between User’s Subjective Feeling and the Degree of Side Curvature in Smartphone

To develop a flexible display, smartphones with edge screens with curved displays on both sides of the main screen have been used widely. Considering that small differences in the form of smartphones, such as length, width, and thickness, could affect user experience, the effects of the curvature of the edge screen should be identified. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the curvature of edge screens on subjective feelings of smartphone users and to find out the optimal curvature. In the experiment, four nonfunctional samples with different radii of curvature (4R/6R/8R/10R) were used as samples, and participants evaluated the five subjective feelings: grip/control comfort, front/side visibility, and stability of the samples with four usage patterns. Our results revealed that 8R is the optimal curvature for the edge screen based on subjective feelings in smartphone usage. Moreover, the effect of the curvature of the edge screen on grip comfort and control comfort varied according to the usage patterns. The results of this study can be applied to design of the curvature of edge screens in smartphones and it is expected that it will contribute to improvement of users’ satisfaction.

Curved Versus Flat Monitors: Interactive Effects of Display Curvature Radius and Display Size on Visual Search Performance and Visual Fatigue

Objective The aim of this study is to examine the interactive effects of display curvature radius and display size on visual search accuracy, visual search speed, and visual fatigue. Background Although the advantages of curved displays have been reported, little is known about the interactive effects of display curvature radius and size. Method Twenty-seven individuals performed visual search tasks at a viewing distance of 50 cm using eight configurations involving four display curvature radii (400R, 600R, 1200R, and flat) and two display sizes (33″ and 50″). To simulate curved screens, five flat display panels were horizontally arranged with their centers concentrically repositioned following each display curvature radius. Results For accuracy, speed, and fatigue, 33″–600R and 50″–600R provided the best or comparable-to-best results, whereas 50″–flat provided the worst results. For accuracy and fatigue, 33″–flat was the second worst. The changes in the horizontal field of view and viewing angle due to display curvature as well as the association between effective display curvature radii and empirical horopter (loci of perceived equidistance) can explain these results. Conclusion The interactive effects of display curvature radius and size were evident for visual search performance and fatigue. Beneficial effects of curved displays were maintained across 33″ and 50″, whereas increasing flat display size from 33″ to 50″ was detrimental. Application For visual search tasks at a viewing distance of 50 cm, 33″–600R and 50″ 600R displays are recommended, as opposed to 33″ and 50″ flat displays. Wide flat displays must be carefully considered for visual display terminal tasks.

Immersiveness and Perceptibility of Convex and Concave Displays

Curved displays promote three-dimensionality and may facilitate non-wearable virtual reality. Yet there is little design guidance on the optimal type of curvature that should be used. In this paper we have examined the perceived properties of convex and concave displays, at two different sizes. We conducted an experiment with 21 participants. Each participant was asked to make a series of binary choices after the participant viewed a display where one side was seen as convex and the opposite side was seen as concave. For each of 15 perceptual and aesthetic features, participants had to choose whether the convex or concave view/side of the display was stronger/more appropriate. Each participant made two binary choices (one for a small display viewed from its convex and concave sides, the other for a large display viewed from its convex and concave sides) for each perceptual and aesthetic feature, leading to a total of 30 judgments. Participants preferred the convex version of the small sized display and the concave version of the larger display. Individual differences were observed. Some participants generally preferred the convex displays, while others preferred the concave displays. The results are interpreted in terms of their implications for the future use of convex and concave displays in VR applications that do not use goggles.