Role of Emotional Attachment and Reciprocity in Sons’ Perceived Care Motivation for Parental Figures

The collapse of the traditional Japanese household system and the subsequent social advancement of women has led supporting parents as a family matter, and led more men to assume caregiving roles; however, very few studies have focused on sons’ care motivation. This study aimed to understand adult sons’ perceived care motivation and to examine the respective related factors of emotional attachment and reciprocity. A total of 1322 men (M [age] = 44.5) participated in a web-based questionnaire survey. Perceived care motivation for providing five types of support (e.g., helping with daily activities and housework) to each parent and parent-in-law was assessed. Regression analyses revealed that emotional attachment with parents and parents-in-law predicted perceived care motivation for all types of support. Furthermore, the role of reciprocity was indicated by the association between rearing by mother-in-law and son-in-law’s motivation to provide assistance in financial matters, housework, and visiting a hospital.

An Improved Microcontroller Based Automated Home Using GSM Phone

The advancements in technology in the world tend to make life for humans better. As time progresses, new technologies as well as improvement of existing technologies consistently given birth to a better, comfortable, safe and more secured way of living. One of these technologies which fosters better living in recent times is the smart home technology. This enables house owners to interact with their home. It brings about stress-free and risk-free means of controlling household system. This paper presents the utilisation of cheap and open-source materials in the development of a Short Messaging Service (SMS-based) smart home system. These materials include the Arduino microcontroller, SIM800l GSM module, electric relay, and some basic electronic components. Object-oriented system analysis and design (OOAD) was adopted as the development methodology for the research. Upon testing, the system was able to receive commands via SMS in order to turn on and off of Alternating Current (AC) appliances at home. Also, the system sends acknowledgement message to the sender to confirm if the command was carried out or not. It could check if the command it received was sent from the house owner’s phone or not. If command was from the house owner’s phone, the command is honored but if not, it is discarded. This is a feature that enables the home appliances not to be controlled by unauthorized persons.

Conversion of Non-Biodegradable Plastic Waste into Decomposable Waste using Mealworm Named “Tenebrio Molitor”

Plastic has made tremendous contribution in day to day lives of humans. Today like medical, agricultural, packaging, household, piping and other items of daily use. Plastic used in household system like food cover packets, sachets, Styrofoam cups, glasses, etc., this research involves the Conversion of non-biodegradable plastic waste into decomposable excreta by mealworms. A worm in which the bacteria is present in its gut. It has an ability to digest the complex plastic waste into smaller organic excreta. One of the methods to reduce plastic waste at household system is by using worms whose scientific name is “Tenebrio Molitor” Mealworm has proved to be an efficient method of reducing plastic to some extent and mealworm are grow rapidly within a span of 3 months and it can be grown in most of normal climate and natural condition. The methodology involves collecting and rearing of mealworms at standard temperature in different trays at University of Agricultural Sciences, Ghandi Krishi Vignan Kendra Bellary Road, Bangalore. Obtained results show the average weight 40.1775mg of Styrofoam was consumed by 25 number of worms mealworms in 3 days. Therefore it can be concluded that 100 numbers of mealworms consumes 53.57mg of Styrofoam in one day.

Festivities of Curfew

The Ottoman Empire was a dynastic state, as were its counterparts in Europe and Asia in the early modern period. In order to explain the characteristics of this dynastic governance model, it is essential to focus on how the Ottoman ‘state’ mechanism functioned. One of the prominent aspects of the dynastic state was the integration of politics in household units (For the Ottoman household system Cf.: Gürkan 2015; Kunt 1974; 1975; 1978; 1983; 1995; 2007; 2011; 2012). Direct or indirect connection of people to these households was the main condition of legitimacy. Thus, the redistribution and succession strategies had a centralized importance in dynastic states. Since being a member of the dynasty was a given category, the state could be reduced to the house of the dynasty at the micro levels. This house transcended those living in it, and in order to sustain the continuity of the house, there was a need to create a ritual showing ‘the loyalty to the dynastic household’. This loyalty was the dominant factor in ensuring the continuity of the house, in other words, the ‘state’, and therefore, the succession strategies in dynastic states had a key importance.