The role of green accounting environmental on reducing pollution resulting from the telecommunications sector in Sudan (Sudani company case study): دور المحاسبة الخضراء في الحد من التلوث البيئي الناتج عن قطاع الاتصالات في السودان (دراسة حالة شركة سوداني)

The study aimed to know the role of green accounting in the telecommunications sector in Sudan and to show its impact in reducing the environmental harms resulting from its activity by applying to a Sudanese company in testing two hypotheses. The first is that there is a positive relationship between the application of green accounting and the radioactive pollution of communication towers. And the second hypothesis is a positive relationship between the application of accounting. Green and increasing environmental awareness, the study used the inductive approach and the descriptive analytical approach, where the inductive approach was used through the role of green accounting in environmental pollution in communications in Sudan from a Sudanese company as a case study with the use of the descriptive analytical approach through metadata collected from a questionnaire distributed on a random sample of 40 employees of the company and their results analyzed. The most important results concluded that green accounting leads to a reduction in environmental pollution by inference to the percentage of those who agree to that 79% of the respondents and that the companies ’commitment to applying green accounting leads to an increase in environmental awareness by inference that the percentage of those who agree to that is 73% of the respondents, and the study recommended many The recommendations, most notably the necessity to oblige companies to apply green accounting, raise the level of environmental awareness and disclose this in their reports.

Real time autonomous collision avoidance for unmanned aerial vehicles

GeoSurv II is a jointly funded project of Sander Geophysics Limited (SGL) and NSERC to develop a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), capable of autonomously performing high resolution geophysical surveys at low flight altitudes over poorly known terrain. This thesis is in support of achieving this objective. In order to achieve such a level of autonomy, the UAV must be capable of avoiding stationary, pop-up and moving obstacles while flying at low altitude. Such obstacles may include power lines, communication towers, trees, unknown flight vehicles encountered while at flight or uneven terrains which creates the situation of the pop-up obstacles. In addition to that the UAV must be able to fly as close as possible to the reference trajectory for a given geophysical survey. The development and testing of a method capable of performing such an autonomous mission is the objective of this thesis. In this thesis, a method is developed based on a spectral method known as Legendre Pseudospectral Optimal Control, because of its capability to directly incorporate all of the mission objectives, while respecting the UAV constraints (which other methods in the literature are not capable of). The method accounts the aircraft and obstacle constraints there by capable of avoiding obstacles with feasible maneuvers for the aircraft. The objective to remain as close to the reference trajectory is fulfilled by setting the area between the flight trajectory and reference trajectory as the cost of optimization of the optimal control problem. Five different scenarios presented in this thesis show the developed method's capability to avoid the stationary, pop-up and the moving obstacles successfully while remaining close to the reference trajectory.

Real time autonomous collision avoidance for unmanned aerial vehicles

GeoSurv II is a jointly funded project of Sander Geophysics Limited (SGL) and NSERC to develop a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), capable of autonomously performing high resolution geophysical surveys at low flight altitudes over poorly known terrain. This thesis is in support of achieving this objective. In order to achieve such a level of autonomy, the UAV must be capable of avoiding stationary, pop-up and moving obstacles while flying at low altitude. Such obstacles may include power lines, communication towers, trees, unknown flight vehicles encountered while at flight or uneven terrains which creates the situation of the pop-up obstacles. In addition to that the UAV must be able to fly as close as possible to the reference trajectory for a given geophysical survey. The development and testing of a method capable of performing such an autonomous mission is the objective of this thesis. In this thesis, a method is developed based on a spectral method known as Legendre Pseudospectral Optimal Control, because of its capability to directly incorporate all of the mission objectives, while respecting the UAV constraints (which other methods in the literature are not capable of). The method accounts the aircraft and obstacle constraints there by capable of avoiding obstacles with feasible maneuvers for the aircraft. The objective to remain as close to the reference trajectory is fulfilled by setting the area between the flight trajectory and reference trajectory as the cost of optimization of the optimal control problem. Five different scenarios presented in this thesis show the developed method's capability to avoid the stationary, pop-up and the moving obstacles successfully while remaining close to the reference trajectory.

Field testing an “acoustic lighthouse”: Combined acoustic and visual cues provide a multimodal solution that reduces avian collision risk with tall human-made structures

Billions of birds fatally collide with human-made structures each year. These mortalities have consequences for population viability and conservation of endangered species. This source of human-wildlife conflict also places constraints on various industries. Furthermore, with continued increases in urbanization, the incidence of collisions continues to increase. Efforts to reduce collisions have largely focused on making structures more visible to birds through visual stimuli but have shown limited success. We investigated the efficacy of a multimodal combination of acoustic signals with visual cues to reduce avian collisions with tall structures in open airspace. Previous work has demonstrated that a combination of acoustic and visual cues can decrease collision risk of birds in captive flight trials. Extending to field tests, we predicted that novel acoustic signals would combine with the visual cues of tall communication towers to reduce collision risk for birds. We broadcast two audible frequency ranges (4 to 6 and 6 to 8 kHz) in front of tall communication towers at locations in the Atlantic migratory flyway of Virginia during annual migration and observed birds’ flight trajectories around the towers. We recorded an overall 12–16% lower rate of general bird activity surrounding towers during sound treatment conditions, compared with control (no broadcast sound) conditions. Furthermore, in 145 tracked “at-risk” flights, birds reduced flight velocity and deflected flight trajectories to a greater extent when exposed to the acoustic stimuli near the towers. In particular, the 4 to 6 kHz stimulus produced the greater effect sizes, with birds altering flight direction earlier in their trajectories and at larger distances from the towers, perhaps indicating that frequency range is more clearly audible to flying birds. This “acoustic lighthouse” concept reduces the risk of collision for birds in the field and could be applied to reduce collision risk associated with many human-made structures, such as wind turbines and tall buildings.

Analyzing the Effects of Establishing Communication Towers on Real Estate Sale Prices in Residential Areas Case Study of Sulaimaniyah City Center

The research aims to analyze and the statement the impact of establishing communication towers on the sale of residential real estate prices in the Sulaimaniyah city center. The goal of government regulation should be including regulations and environmental safety laws to protect citizens from the harmful and adverse effects of secreted by a human through the additions and changes of the environment. One aspect of the protection of the citizen is to be protected from adverse health effects resulting from communication towers. People have the right to choose the nature of the physical environment, as others should not impose it. The problem of communication towers considered as one of the main problems that have imposed on the people in Sulaimaniyah city center, which began to take a severe economic, social and health dimensions, affects the decision-making process in the real estate market. Moreover, consequently, this research analyzes the impact of the establishment of communication towers on the sale prices of residential property in Sulaimaniyah city center, the results of the research have confirmed a clear and adverse effect the communication towers on residential real estate prices in Sulaimaniyah city center. Besides the proof of this an excess of supply of real estate close to communication towers areas and the lack of demand for real estate in areas close to communication towers. Finally, the research commanded a range of important recommendations, such as necessity control the communication towers at the level of governments and companies, either at the companies’ level by choosing towers with low environmental impacts. Moreover, either at the government level to determine the location and conditions of the establishment of the communication towers, through legislation and laws of environmental protection and impose fees and raise awareness.

الحماية القانونية للمتضرر من التلوث الالكتروني من لابراج الاتصال

tract One of the most important problems facing the environment is the difficulty of recycling electronic waste, because its components contain lead, mercury and some toxic substances. These include communication towers, mobile devices and their means of their operation such as televisions, computers, video cameras, Thus, the Iraqi legislator has determined the responsibility of the communication companies for the damage caused by the text of Article 231 of the Iraqi Civil Code, which stipulates the following: - (Anyone who has at his disposal mechanical devices or other things that require special attention to prevent their harm, Be liable for any damage caused unless it is proved that he has taken due care to prevent the occurrence of such damage, taking into account the special relevant rules. However, there are some developments that make this text not enough to deal with the corporato responsibility of the electronic pollution for communication towers. Therefore, we recommend the Iraqi legislator to add a paragraph to Article (11) of the Environment Protection and Improvement Act No. 27 of 2009 to become as follows (1) to prevent entities with activities affecting the environment from performing their work without obtaining the approval of the Ministry. 2- Morality is canceled if it is proved that the damage caused by the project is greater than estimated in the report submitted to the administrative authority).