The rhetorical structure of analytical writing: a developmental approach

Analytical writing is an academic genre that combines features of expository and argumentative discourse. Although the ability to write analytically is crucial to succeed at school and beyond, the pathway to master this type of writing mode has rarely been explored. We analyzed the writings of 226 native-speakers of Iberian Spanish from elementary school, high school and university levels, each of whom wrote two texts in Spanish. Three types of rhetorical moves were identified based on the communicative goals of analytical writing: expository, argumentative, and assertive. The findings show a developmental improvement in rhetorical structure and a transition from assertion-based texts, where writers focus on their own standpoint as the pivot of the text, to exposition-based texts, where presentation and discussion of data and of evidence become more dominant.

Cinematic Reproduction as Multimodal Composition in First-Year Composition

This case study introduces an assignment from a large midwestern university FYC program, which emphasizes analytical writing by introducing students to a series of increasingly layered texts, including film. This has many advantages: teaching multi-perspective, evidence-based visual and textual analysis. For students to see textual constructedness the author required they remake film scenes using their cellphones, employing and then articulating their use of generic conventions. This article details the original assignment and tracks its evolution due to students’ innovations. One group’s project, a scene from The Shining, highlights multimodal recreation’s capacity to help students re-envision and more fully analyze cinematic elements, adding depth and specificity to students’ analytical writing.

ReFocus: The Films of Paul Schrader

Paul Schrader’s unique relationship to the role of the author (as screenwriter, director and critic) has long informed his cinema, and raises complicated questions about the definition of the auteur. This volume of essays – the first collection to assess Schrader’s contributions to directing, screenwriting and criticism – includes the first original appraisals of his much-lauded masterpiece First Reformed (2017), as well as a chapter-length interview with Schrader himself, conducted by the editors, in which Schrader examines the arc of his career for the first time and revises previous statements about filmmaking and film criticism. Providing a comprehensive exploration of his groundbreaking achievements in cinema, the book considers Schrader’s more overlooked films and provides new insights to their connection with his celebrated work in direction and screenwriting such as Taxi Driver (1976), Cat People (1982) and The Comfort of Strangers (1990). In doing so, it provides a valuable update to previous texts on Schrader and contains chapters on Schrader’s work since 2008, the publication date of the last book on his filmmaking. Where this study distinguishes itself fully is in its inclusion of a serious treatment of Schrader’s own film criticism and analytical writing. This collected writing provides unique access into how Schrader approaches the analysis of films and provides insight into his own work and others as “transcendental” filmmakers.

Kendala Perbankan Dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Koperasi Melalui Pola Joint Financing

This paper aims to develop a joint financing method between banks and cooperatives in which cooperatives in globalization look increasingly lagging behind due to unfinished capital problems and a system that is still traditional at a time of increasingly modern world developments. Therefore, the government made regulations to overcome this problem by creating a Linkage Program. The problem is focused on the cooperative relationship at the Joint financing stage as one of the models of the Linkage program, between South Bandung Farmers Cooperatives with BPR Bandung Kidul. There are various problems in achieving fair and legal cooperation. The method used in this research is normative juridical analysis with descriptive analytical writing methods. This study concludes that the obstacles that hamper the Joint financing relationship, one of which is the ownership of majority shares by cooperatives that can harm the principle of prudence and good corporate governance of the bank. Secondly, in the joint financing relationship between cooperatives and banks in practice no agreements were carried out which could result in business interference by both parties.